TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "The Parameters of Conversational Style"

There are several dimensions along which verbalization responds to context, resulting in individual and social differences in conversational style. Style, as I use the term, is not something extra added on, l i k e decoration. Anything that is said must be said in some way; co-occurrence expectations of that "way" constitute style. | The Parameters of Conversational style Deborah Tannen Georgetown University There are several dimensions along which verbalization responds to context resulting in individual and social differences in conversational style style as I use the term is not something extra added on like decoration. Anything that is said must be said in some way co-occurrence expectations of that way constitute style. The dimensions of style I will discuss are 1. Fixity vs. novelty 2. Cohesiveness vs. expressiveness 3. Focus on content vs. interpersonal involvement. Fixity vs. novelty Any utterance or sequence must be identified rightly or wrongly in terms of interlocutor s intentions with a recognizable frame as it conforms more or less to a familiar pattern. Every utterance and interaction is formulaic or conventionalized to some degree. There is a continuum of formulaicness from utterly fixed strings of words situational formulas Happy birthday Welcome home Gezundheit and strings of events rituals to new ideas and acts put together in a new way. Of course the latter does not exist except as an idealization. Even the most novel utterance is to some extent formulaic as it must use familiar words witness the absurdity of Humpty Dumpty s assertion that when he uses a word it means whatever he wants it to mean and notice that he chooses to exercise this license with only one word syntax again Lewis Carroll is instructive the comprehensibility of Jabberwocky intonation coherence principles cf Alton Becker and content Mills vocabularies of motives . . All these are limited by social convention. Familiarity with the patterns is necessary for the signalling of meaning both as prescribed and agreed upon and as cued by departure from the pattern cf Hymes . For example a situational formula is a handy way to signal familiar meaning but if the formula is not known the meaning may be lost entirely as when a Greek says to an American cook Health to your hands. If meaning is not entirely lost at .

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