TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "A Model of Early Syntactic Development"

AMBER is a model of first language acquisition that improves its performance through a process of error recovery. The model is implemented as an adaptive production system that introduces new condition-action rules on the basis of experience. AMBER starts with the ability to say only one word at a time, but adds rules for ordering goals and producing grammatical morphemes, based on comparisons between predicted and observed sentences. The morpheme rules may be overly general and lead to errors of commission; such errors evoke a discrimination process, producing more conservative rules with additional conditions. . | A Model of Early Syntactic Development Pat Langley The Robotics Institute Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA ABSTRACT Amber is a model of first language acquisition that improves its performance through a process of error recovery. The model is implemented as an adaptive production system that introduces new condition-action rules on the basis of experience. Amber starts with the ability to say only one word at a time but adds rules for ordering goals and producing grammatical morphemes based on comparisons between predicted and observed sentences. The morpheme rules may be overly general and lead to errors of commission such errors evoke a discrimination process producing more conservative rules with additional conditions. The system s performance improves gradually since rules must be relearned many times before they are used. Amber s learning mechanisms account for some of the major developments observed in children s early speech. 1. Introduction In this paper I present a model that attempts to explain the regularities in children s early syntactic development. The model is called AMBER an acronym for Acquisition Model Based on Error Recovery. As its name implies AMBER learns language by comparing its own utterances to those of adults and attempting to correct any errors. The model is implemented as an adaptive production system - a formalism well-suited to modeling the incremental nature of human learning. Amber focuses on issues such as the omission of content words the occurrence of telegraphic speech and the order in which function words are mastered. Before considering AMBER in detail I will first review some major features of child language and discuss some earlier models of these phenomena. Children do not learn language in an all-or-none fashion. They begin their linguistic careers uttering one word at a time and slowly evolve through a number of stages each containing more adult-like speech than the one before. Around the age

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