TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "DEPENDENCIES OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE ON THE MODALITY"

II. THE STUDY ABSTRACT A desirable long-range goal in building future speech understanding systems would be to accept the kind of language people spontaneously produce. We show that people do not speak to one another in the same way they converse in typewritten language. Spoken language is finer-grained and more indirect. The differences are striking and pervasive. Current techniques for engaging in typewritten dialogue will need to be extended to accomodate the structure of spoken language. | DEPENDENCIES OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE ON THE MODALITY OF COMMUNICATION TELEPHONE vs. TELETYPE Philip R. Cohen Dept of Computer Science Oregon state University Corvallis OR 97331 Scott Fertig Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. Cambridge MA 02239 Kathy Starr Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. Cambridge MA 02239 ABSTRACT A desirable long-range goal in building future speech understanding systems would be to accept the kind of language people spontaneously produce. We show that people do not speak to one another in the same way they converse in typewritten language. Spoken language is finer-grained and more indirect. The differences are striking and pervasive. Current techniques for engaging in typewritten dialogue will need to be extended to accomodate the structure of spoken language. I. INTRODUCTION If a machine could listen how would we talk to it ĩhis question will be hard to answer definitively until a good mechanical listener is developed. As a next best approximation this paper presents results of an exploration of how people talk to one another in a domain for which keyboard-based natural language dialogue systems would be desirable and have already been built Robinson et al. 1980 winograd 1972 . Our observations are based on transcripts of person-to-person telephone-mediated and teletype-mediated dialogues. In these transcripts one specific kind of communicative act dominates spoken task-related discourse but is nearly absent from keyboard discourse. Importantly when this act is performed vocally it is never performed directly. Since most of the utterances in these simple dialogues do not signal the speaker s intent techniques for inferring intent will be crucial for engaging in spoken task-related discourse. The paper suggests how a plan-based theory of communication Cohen and Perrault 1979 Perrault and Allen 1980 can uncover the intentions underlying the use of various forms. This research was supported by the National Institute of Education under contract .

• DEPENDENCIES OF DISCOURSE
• STRUCTURE ON THE MODALITY
• Philip R
• Cohen
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln