TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo " RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKETS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES "

Renewable energy is shifting from the fringe to the mainstream of sustainable development. Past donor efforts achieved modest results but often were not sustained or replicated, which leads now to greater market orientation. Markets for rural household lighting with solar home systems, biogas, and small hydro power have expanded through rural entrepreneurship, government programs, and donor assistance, serving millions of households. Applications in agriculture, small industry, and social services are emerging. Public programs resulted in 220 million improved biomass cook stoves. Three percent of power generation capacity is largely small hydro and biomass power, with rapid growth of wind power. | Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2002. 27 309-48 doi Renewable Energy Markets in Developing Countries Eric Martinot 1 Akanksha Chaurey 2 Debra Lew 3 Jose Roberto Moreira 4 and Njeri Wamukonya5 1Global Environment Facility 1818 H St. NW Washington DC 20433 e-mail emartinot@ 2Tata Energy Research Institute Habitat Place Lodhi Road New Delhi 110003 India e-mail akanksha@ 3National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden Colorado 80401 e-mail dlew@ 4Biomass Users Network Rua Francisco Dias Velho 814 04581-001 Sao Paulo Brazil e-mail bun@ 5UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and Environment Ris0 National Laboratory POBox 49 DK-4000Roskilde Denmark e-mail Key Words rural development sustainable energy policy solar biomass wind power Abstract Renewable energy is shifting from the fringe to the mainstream of sustainable development. Past donor efforts achieved modest results but often were not sustained or replicated which leads now to greater market orientation. Markets for rural household lighting with solar home systems biogas and small hydro power have expanded through rural entrepreneurship government programs and donor assistance serving millions of households. Applications in agriculture small industry and social services are emerging. Public programs resulted in 220 million improved biomass cook stoves. Three percent of power generation capacity is largely small hydro and biomass power with rapid growth of wind power. Experience suggests the need for technical know-how transfer new replicable business models credit for rural households and entrepreneurs regulatory frameworks and financing for private power developers market facilitation organizations donor assistance aimed at expanding sustainable markets smarter subsidies and greater attention to social benefits and income generation. contents FROM DONOR AID TO SUSTAINABLE MARKETS .

• Báo cáo khoa học
• rural development
• sustainable
• energy policy
• solar
• biomass
• wind power
• Fostering entrepreneurship in rural areas
• Rural development in Vietnam
• The country development
• The concept of rural entrepreneurship
• Accelerate the rural development
• Population aging of community development
• Inhabitant consciousness of community development
• The rural area in Thua Thien Hue Province
• Rural people regarding the future of rural Vietnam
• Economic issues in new rural development
• New rural development
• Economic development Vietnam
• New rural development Vietnam
• Farmers’ economic activities
• Rural development programme
• Rural woman towards selected rural development programmes
• Selection of village
• Low level of knowledge
• Knowledge regarding MGNREGS
• Communication technology
• The rural development
• Rural development in Nepal
• Information for the rural development
• E government
• Summary of PHD thesis
• Peoples credit funds system
• Peoples credit funds system for rural economic development in Vietnam
• Rural economic development in Vietnam
• Rural economic development
• Vietnam's economic development
• Rural infrastructure development project
• Success criteria
• The rural economic growth
• Sustainable rural development
• Reviewing the development
• Rural finance in Vietnam
• Development of rural finance
• The ruralf inancial
• The literature on rural credit policies
• Sciences and humanities
• Rural school teachers
• Rural school
• Young teachers
• Professional development
• Vietnam rural financial market
• Fact dianostics
• The policy implications
• Different orientations and policy frameworks
• The development of rural tourism in Vietnam
• Vietnamese rural areas
• The orientation of Vietnam Communist Party and Government
• Rural tourism are greatly enormous
• The poverty alleviation
• Rural youthm
• Development of employment vulnerability index
• Employment vulnerability index
• Rural youth
• Employment vulnerability of rural youth
• Agricultural modernization
• Agricultural modernization in conjunction
• Conceptual framework for development
• Nation target programme
• National Target Programme on New Rural Development
• Communist Party of Vietnam
• The government of Vietnam
• Community science
• Approach for rural development
• Community science centre
• Science and Practice
• Village development activities
• Attitude towards village development activities
• Profile of rural youth
• Analyze relationship between profile
• Agricultural science
• Governance of rural development in Egyp
• Small scale farmers
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Summary of doctoral dissertation
• Economic development
• Rural construction towards urbanization
• Lecture International economic development
• International economic development
• Kinh tế phát triển
• Economic growth
• Agricultural transformation
• Separate rural business vertical
• Successful rural market presence
• Bestow bucolic folks
• Superior customer value
• Rural specific strategies
• Promoting the Role of Farmers
• Subject and Settling the Relations between Law
• Selfgoverned institutions
• Finger millet
• Self help groups
• Value addition
• Entrepreneurship development among rural women
• Entrepreneurship development
• Summary of Doctoral thesis in Economics
• Summary of Doctoral thesis
• Liquidity management
• Vietnam bank of Agriculture and rural development
• Agriculture and rural development
• Development economics
• Lecture Development economics
• Developing nations
• Strategy for agricultural