TAILIEUCHUNG - Fundamentals and Technology of Combustion P2

A fuel can be considered as a finite resource of chemical potential energy in which energy stored in the molecular structure of particular compounds is released via complex chemical reactions. Chemical fuels can be classified in a variety of ways, including by phase and availability as | Fig. Production of different fuels in 1997 for the world and some of its main regions Mtoe According to data given by Ref. 5 . Energy Sources 7 Fuels A fuel can be considered as a finite resource of chemical potential energy in which energy stored in the molecular structure of particular compounds is released via complex chemical reactions. Chemical fuels can be classified in a variety of ways including by phase and availability as shown in Table 6 . Table Classification of chemical permission of Marcel Dekker Inc. fuels by phase and availability 6 . Reproduced by Naturally available Synthetically produced Solid Coal Wood Vegetation Organic solid waste Coke Charcoal Inorganic solid waste Liquid Crude oil Biological oils Fuel plants Syncrudes Petroleum distillates Alcohols Colloidal fuels Benzene Gas Natural gas Marsh gas Biogas Natural gas Hydrogen Methane Propane Coal gasification Some of the basic requirements of a fuel include high energy density content high heat of combustion release good thermal stability storage low vapor pressure volatility and non-toxicity environmental impact . Any combustion system may be operated on fuel in any of the three states gaseous liquid or solid. Crude oil is known to exist at various depths beneath land and sea in most parts of the world. Crude oils are extremely complex mixtures of gases liquids and dissolved solids that always consist mainly of hydrocarbons with small amounts of nitrogenous substances and organic sulfur compounds. Crude oil is separated by a distillation process that exploits the fact that the various components in crude oil have different boiling points. When a crude oil is heated the first gases evolved are chiefly methane ethane propane and butane. At higher temperatures vapors are released and then condensed to form light distillates of the kind used in the production of gasoline. As boiling proceeds the kerosene emerges followed by the middle distillates used in gas oil and Diesel .

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