TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "Surprising parser actions and reading difficulty"

An incremental dependency parser’s probability model is entered as a predictor in a linear mixed-effects model of German readers’ eye-fixation durations. This dependencybased predictor improves a baseline that takes into account word length, n-gram probability, and Cloze predictability that are typically applied in models of human reading. This improvement obtains even when the dependency parser explores a tiny fraction of its search space, as suggested by narrow-beam accounts of human sentence processing such as Garden Path theory. . | Surprising parser actions and reading difficulty Marisa Ferrara Boston John Hale Michigan State University USA mferrara jthale @ Reinhold Kliegl Shravan Vasishth Potsdam University Germany kliegl vasishth @ Abstract An incremental dependency parser s probability model is entered as a predictor in a linear mixed-effects model of German readers eye-fixation durations. This dependencybased predictor improves a baseline that takes into account word length n-gram probability and Cloze predictability that are typically applied in models of human reading. This improvement obtains even when the dependency parser explores a tiny fraction of its search space as suggested by narrow-beam accounts of human sentence processing such as Garden Path theory. 1 Introduction A growing body of work in cognitive science characterizes human readers as some kind of probabilistic parser Jurafsky 1996 Crocker and Brants 2000 Chater and Manning 2006 . This view gains support when specific aspects of these programs match up well with measurable properties of humans engaged in sentence comprehension. One way to connect theory to data in this manner uses a parser s probability model to work out the surprisal or log-probability of the next word. Hale 2001 suggests this quantity as an index of psycholinguistic difficulty. When the transition from previous word to current word is low-probability from the parser s perspective the sur-prisal is high and the psycholinguistic claim is that behavioral measures should register increased cognitive difficulty. In other words rare parser actions are cognitively costly. This basic notion has proved remarkably applicable across sentence types and languages Park and Brew 2006 Demberg and Keller 20o7 Levy 2008 . The present work uses the time spent looking at a word during reading as an empirical measure of sentence processing difficulty. From the theoretical side we calculate word-by-word surprisal predictions from a family of incremental

• Báo cáo khoa học
• Surprising parser actions
• reading difficulty
• báo cáo khoa học
• báo cáo ngôn ngữ
• xử lý ngôn ngữ tự nhiên
• Bài giảng Xử lý ngôn ngữ tự nhiên
• Ngôn ngữ tự nhiên
• Kỹ thuật lập trình
• Xử lý nhập nhằng ngữ nghĩa
• Xử lý ngữ nghĩa
• Xử lý ngôn ngữ
• Natural Language Processing
• Ngôn ngữ lập trình
• Nhập nhằng cấu trúc
• Tri thức về ngôn ngữ
• Mô hình ngôn ngữ
• Mô hình n gram
• Dịch máy
• Phương pháp dịch máy
• Hiểu ngôn ngữ
• Phân tích ngữ nghĩa
• Phân loại tin tự động
• Biểu diễn vị từ
• Thuộc tính về sự kiện
• Thuộc tính về sự kiện
• Mô hình ngôn ngữ Google Book N grams
• Mô hình ngôn ngữ KenLM
• Phương pháp làm mịn
• Tách từ tiếng Việt
• Gán nhãn từ loại
• Phân tích cú pháp
• Nghĩa từ vựng
• Phân giải nhập nhằng từ
• Phân loại văn bản
• Lexical chain
• Phản hồi thông tin
• Bài toán PTCP
• Cấu trúc ngữ pháp
• Phân tích cú pháp xác suất
• CKY kết hợp xác suất
• Văn phạm phi ngữ cảnh xác suất
• Hình thái học