TAILIEUCHUNG - Comparing the Auditability of Optical Scan, Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) and Video (VVVAT) Ballot Systems

In this paper we propose enhancing Web clients with new security mechanisms that can not only prevent ex- isting attacks, but are able to enforce all security policies based on monitoring client behavior. In particular, our new mechanisms support policies that range from disal- lowing use of certain Web client features (., IFRAMEs or OBJECTs) to fine-grained, application-specific invari- ants such as taint-based policies that regulate the flow of credit-card information input by the user. Concretely, we propose that client-side enforcement proceed through a new client mechanism: Mutation- Event Transforms, or METs. METs are introduce here; some details like how to prevent their subversion are in Appendix A. METs allowWeb application security poli- cies. | Comparing the Auditability of Optical Scan Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail VVPAT and Video VVVAT Ballot Systems Stephen N. Goggin and Michael D. Byrne Department of Psychology Rice University MS-25 Houston TX 77005-1892 USA goggin byrne @ Juan E. Gilbert Gregory Rogers and Jerome McClendon Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL 36849-5347 USA gilbert rogergd mccleje @ ABSTRACT With many states beginning to require manual audits of election ballots comparing the auditability of different types of ballot systems has become an important issue. Because the majority of counties in the United States are now using either Direct Recording Electronic DRE voting systems equipped with Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail VVPAT modules or optical scan ballot systems we examined the usability of an audit or recount on these two systems and compared it with the usability of a prototype Voter Verified Video Audit Trail VVVAT system. Error rates time satisfaction and confidence in each recount were measured. For the VVPAT Optical Scan and Video systems only and of participants provided the correct vote counts respectively. VVPATs were slowest to audit. However there were no meaningful differences in subjective satisfaction between the three methods. Furthermore confidence in count accuracy was uncorrelated with objective accuracy. These results suggest that redundant or error-correcting count procedures are vital to ensure audit accuracy. INTRODUCTION Since the Help America Vote Act HAVA of 2002 many jurisdictions in the United States have used federal funds intended to help modernize their voting systems by purchasing newer Direct Recording Electronic DRE voting machines. With security concerns mounting over purely electronic election results 37 states have chosen to require physical copies of every ballot cast on an electronic system. The requirement for physical copies of ballots cast is usually met by a

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