TAILIEUCHUNG - Car Ownership and Mode of Transport to Work in Ireland*

The metal gates positioned on each side of the Level Crossing are approximately m wide and open away from the railway. The surface of the intersection of the road with the track is covered in rubber „Strail‟ units, which gives a level surface over the track. Cattle grids are installed on each side of the roadway, where it crosses the track to prevent cattle straying onto the railway line. There is concrete post and wire fencing running between the gates and the boundary hedges, see Photograph 2. There is a residential house. | The Economic and Social Review Vol. 41 No. 1 Spring 2010 pp. 43-75 Car Ownership and Mode of Transport to Work in Ireland NICOLA COMMINS and ANNE NOLAN The Economic and Social Research Institute Dublin Abstract Rapid economic and demographic change in Ireland over the last decade with associated increases in car dependence and congestion has focused policy on encouraging more sustainable forms of travel. In this context knowledge of current travel patterns and their determinants is crucial. In this paper we extend earlier Irish research to examine the joint decision of car ownership and mode of transport to work. We employ cross-section micro-data from the 2006 Census of Population to estimate discrete choice models of car ownership and commuting mode choice for four sub-samples of the Irish population based on residential location. Empirical results suggest that travel and supply-side characteristics such as travel time costs work location and public transport availability as well as demographic and socio-economic characteristics such as age and household composition have significant effects on these decisions. I INTRODUCTION As a result of rapid economic and demographic change over the last decade and the resulting increase in car ownership Ireland has experienced many of the problems associated with increasing car dependence. Over the period 1996-2006 1 the population of Ireland grew by per cent while the The authors would like to thank ESRI seminar participants and particpants at the Irish Economic Association Annual Conference 2009 and 4th Kuhmo-Nectar Conference on Transport Economics 2009 in Copenhagen for helpful comments on an earlier draft. Corresponding author Tel 8632022 Fax 8632100 Email Paper delivered at the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the Irish Economic Association Blarney Co. Cork April 24-26 2009. 1 Economic activity has contracted sharply since late 2007. Unemployment reached per cent in the second quarter of .

• Cơ khí - Chế tạo máy
• Supervision of Treatment
• Supervision of Treatment
• Tuberculosis
• health and nutrition
• education
• gen
• Methods employed
• Diagnosis of pulmonary
• Clinical diagnosis