TAILIEUCHUNG - Maternal and Child Health Handbook in Japan

Strategic Approach: 1) Utilize high throughput genomic/genetic platforms to characterize genetic susceptibility biomarkers of childhood cancer/cancer stem cells and to identify targets for novel tumour stem cell-directed molecular therapeutics, 2) develop advanced mechanisms and ethical/regulatory guidelines to conduct population-based genetic/genomic studies in children, 3) link biobanks to high-throughput functional analysis of individual tumours to assess responses to drugs and growth factors, adverse reactions to treatment, long-term side effects of treatment, and genome-wide expression of coding and non-coding RNA. Global Context: While 78% of childhood cancers are curable, this number drops to . | International Medical Community Maternal and Child Health Handbook in Japan JMAJ 53 4 259-265 2010 Yasuhide NAKAMURA 1 Key words Mothers Child Health Handbook Japan Drastic Upgrading of Maternal and Child Health in Japan Japan was itself a developing country just after the Second World War. After the Second World War the crude birth rate dropped sharply from per 1 000 people in 1947 to in 2007 Fig. 1 . The total fertility rate also declined rapidly from in 1947 to in There was a sharp fall of the birth rate about 26 fall of the previous year in 1966 a year without disaster or famine. This year was a Hinoeuma the year of the horse in the Chinese calendar when many couples did not want babies because of the traditional belief that girls born in a Hinoeuma year will be dangerous headstrong and generally bad luck for any husband. Most parents knew that there was no scientific evidence to confirm the effects of Hinoeuma. However many parents did not have babies this year because of this belief. Maternal and child health is one of the most conservative fields because each ethnic group has preserved its traditions related to pregnancy delivery and child-rearing. The infant mortality rate IMR has shown a drastic and constant decrease from in 1947 to in 2007 Fig. 2 . The IMR decreased by about 50 for every decade IMR was in 1950 in 1960 in 1970 in 1980 and in The decrease rate of IMR was constant and lower than the rate of decrease of the target of the Millennium Development Goals MDGs . The life expectancy at birth as of 2007 was years for females and for males. The female life expectancy is the longest in the world. A joint US and Japanese research team compared the IMR in Japan and the United States Fig. 3 . In 1950 the IMR in Japan was about double that of the US. However in 1964 the IMR in Japan dropped below that of the US despite the fact that Japan was still a poor country with GNP per capita

• Sức khỏe trẻ em
• Sero Prevalence
• Female Sex Workers
• Andhra Pradesh
• Knowledge
• Attitude and Behaviour
• Sexually Transmitted
• Bovine herpesvirus 1
• Cattle and buffalo
• Emphasis on seroprevalence
• Seroprevalence of BoHV 1
• Country to know the seroprevalence
• Seroprevalence studies of Brucellosis
• Seroprevalence studies
• Brucellosis among human
• Different serological tests
• Persons while sex wise males
• Seroprevalence of chikungunya
• Febrile patients
• Seroprevalence of chikungunya cases
• Chikungunya cases
• Gender wise distribution
• Seroprevalence of leptospirosis
• Leptospirosis in animals
• Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in animals
• Humans including prevalent serovars
• Leptospira is being highlighted
• Age wise seroprevalence
• Seropositivity for toxoplasma
• Rubella among torch infections
• Women with bad obstetric history
• Obstetric history
• Aedes mosquito
• Capture ELISA
• Seroprevalence of dengue
• Dengue in a tertiary care hospital
• Tertiary care hospital
• Hepatitis B
• ICTC at tertiary care centre
• Tertiary care centre
• Seroprevalence of hepatitis B
• Hepatitis B in HIV positive cases
• Rapid plate test
• Salmonellosis in bovine herds
• Seroprevalence of salmonellosis
• Diarrheic animals
• Chickaballapur classifying animals
• Risk factors
• Caprine Brucellosis in Punjab
• Serum samples collected randomly
• Goats were tested by RBPT
• Helicobacter pylori
• Blood donors
• Healthy blood donors
• Seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori
• Believed to persist lifelong
• Toxoplasma gondii
• IgG antibody
• Healthy voluntary blood donors
• Seroprevalence of igg antibodies
• Brucella melitensis
• Small ruminants
• Seroprevalence of brucella melitensis
• Humans in anand region
• Enzyme linked immunosorbent
• Hepatitis C
• Anti HCV
• HCV among healthy blood donors
• Seroprevalence of HBV
• Seroprevalence of measles antibodies
• Measles antibodies
• Young adults
• Completed months of age
• Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus
• Hepatitis B virus
• Multitransfused patients
• Special reference
• Occult hepatitis B virus infection
• Aborted goats in Kerala
• Aborted goats
• Multiple serovars among goats
• Goats with history
• HIV Prevalence
• General population attending
• Seroprevalence of HIV
• HIV infection is more
• Weil Felix test
• Rickettsial infections
• Tertiary care center in south India
• Seroprevalence of rickettsial infections
• Rural southern India
• Blood transfusion
• C virus
• Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis
• Antenatal women
• Bad obstetric history
• Commercial ELISA kit
• Pregnant women
• Around Kakinada Town
• Seroprevalence of TORCH infections
• TORCH infections in pregnant women
• Sero prevalance
• Indirect ELISA
• Seroprevalence of goatpox in Assam
• Sero prevalence of goatpox
• Goat population of Assam
• Seroprevalence of brucellosis
• Brucellosis in large
• Small ruminants in Chhattisgarh state
• Large ruminants in state
• Determine the prevalence of brucellosis
• Enzyme linked immune electrotransfer blot
• Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
• Human cysticercosis
• Tertiary care center
• Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis
• Softwood grafting
• Shade house
• Open condition
• Seroprevalence of syphilis
• Various patient groups attending