TAILIEUCHUNG - THE ROOT SYSTEMS OF PLANTS

The great depth and high fertility of the soils of arid and semiarid regions have made possible the profitable production of agricultural plants under a rainfall very much lower than that of humid regions. To make the principles of this system fully understood, it is necessary to review briefly our knowledge of the root systems of plants growing under arid conditions. Functions of roots The roots serve at least three distinct uses or purposes: First, they give the plant a foothold in the earth; secondly, they enable the plant to secure from the soil the large amount of water needed in. | THE ROOT SYSTEMS OF PLANTS The great depth and high fertility of the soils of arid and semiarid regions have made possible the profitable production of agricultural plants under a rainfall very much lower than that of humid regions. To make the principles of this system fully understood it is necessary to review briefly our knowledge of the root systems of plants growing under arid conditions. Functions of roots The roots serve at least three distinct uses or purposes First they give the plant a foothold in the earth secondly they enable the plant to secure from the soil the large amount of water needed in plant growth and thirdly they enable the plant to secure the indispensable mineral foods which can be obtained only from the soil. So important is the proper supply of water and food in the growth of a plant that in a given soil the crop yield is usually in direct proportion to the development of the root system. Whenever the roots are hindered in their development the growth of the plant above ground is likewise retarded and crop failure may result. The importance of roots is not fully appreciated because they are hidden from direct view. Successful dry-farming consists largely in the adoption of practices that facilitate a full and free development-of plant roots. Were it not that the nature of arid soils as explained in preceding chapters is such that full root development is comparatively easy it would probably be useless to attempt to establish a system of dry-farming. Kinds of roots The root is the part of the plant that is found underground. It has numerous branches twigs and filaments. The root which first forms when the seed bursts is known as the primary root. From this primary root other roots develop which are known as secondary roots. When the primary root grows more rapidly than the secondary roots the so-called taproot characteristic of lucerne clover and similar plants is formed. When on the other hand the taproot grows slowly or ceases its growth

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