TAILIEUCHUNG - Savings-Led and Self-Help Microfinance in Cambodia

A key observation of the paper is that neither the branch nor the subsidiary structure is obviously preferable in all cases from the financial stability perspective. The key to ensuring financial stability lies instead in the design of effective mechanisms to oversee and resolve cross-border banking groups. These include effective home/host supervision and information-sharing arrangements and satisfactory cross-border resolution regimes and burden- sharing agreements. Such mechanisms, combined with adequate risk management and strong capital and liquidity frameworks, would encourage banking groups and policymakers to fully internalize the costs associated with the groups’ failure. This, in turn, could make home and host. | Acknowledgements This study would not have been possible without the participation of multiple practitioners who provided access to the inner workings of their organizations. In particular senior managers and field staff at Cambodia Community Savings Federation Church World Service and People s Association for Development are to be thanked. The staff of Pact Cambodia s Women s Empowerment Program was also instrumental in the completion of this study. Special thanks are due to Ms. Meas Chanthavy who gave invaluable assistance during field research. Finally Pact s Kurt MacLeod Karen Knight Gwen Schantz and Vincent Wierda of Oxfam America served as readers for successive drafts. Their comments were invaluable. Acronyms AIDS CCSF CNGO CWS EW HIV KHR MFI MWVA NBC NGO PAD PAR RDB RGC SHG UN UNDP USAID Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cambodia Community Savings Federation Cambodian Non-Governmental Organization Church World Service Empowerment Worker Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cambodian Riel national currency Microfinance Institution Ministry of Women s and Veteran s Affairs National Bank of Cambodia Non-Governmental Organization People s Association for Development Portfolio-at-Risk Rate Rural Development Bank of Cambodia Royal Government of Cambodia Self-help Group United Nations United Nations Development Program United States Agency for International Development Exchange Rate US 1 KHR 4008 As of July 25 2004 Research Team Mark Pickens Research Consultant Author Meas Thavy Pact Cambodia WORTH Program Assistant Keo Keang Pact Cambodia Deputy Country Representative Executive Summary Microfinance is a powerful tool to fight poverty and transform lives. When poor people have access to financial services they can earn more build their assets and cushion themselves against external shocks. Poor households use microfinance to move from everyday survival to planning for the future they invest in better nutrition housing health and education. Microfinance can also serve as

• Ngân hàng - Tín dụng
• Dryland Regions
• Trehalose and Abiotic
• Biological Systems
• Glyoxalase System
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• Detoxification System
• Manage Abiotic Stress
• Genetic Diversity
• Characterisation
• Plant Responses
• Abiotic Stresses
• Importance of Genetic