TAILIEUCHUNG - THE WORLD MEDICINES SITUATION 2011: MEDICINES PRICES, AVAILABILITY AND AFFORDABILITY

Medicine availability and prices in both public and private sectors are key indicators of access to treatment. Surveys of medicine prices and availability, conducted using a standard methodology, have shown that poor medicine availability, particularly in the public sector, is a key barrier to access to medicines. Public sector availability of generic medicines is less than 60% across WHO regions, ranging from 32% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to 58% in the European Region. Private sector availability of generic medicines is higher that in the public sector in all regions. However, availability is still less than 60% in the Western. | WHO EMP MIE E WORLD MEDICINES SITUATION 2011 Ji EDICINES PRICES AVAILABILITY ISIaND AFFORDABILITYlilii Alexandra Cameron lỆpỉlr rtMeHt of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies WHO Geneva Margaret Ewen Health Action International - Global Amsterdam Biw i w BSW Martin Auton Health Action International - Global Amsterdam Dele Abegunde Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies WHO Geneva J hii World Health Organization GENEVA 2011 The World Medicines Situation 2011 3rd Edition This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the Department for International Development DFID UK and the government of the Netherlands. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the Department for International Development DFID UK or the government of the Netherlands. For additional information please contact edmdoccentre@ World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland tel. 41 22 791 3264 fax 41 22 791 4857 e-mail bookorders@ . Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to WHO Press at the above address fax 41 22 791 4806 e-mail permissions@ . The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or .

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• including existing
• pharmaceutical policies
• market situations
• Abiotic Stress
• Epigenetic Chromatin
• Regulators as Mediators
• vegetation
• including
• cropland
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• existing
• multiple medicines
• following guidance
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• men and women