TAILIEUCHUNG - Meaning, Medicine, and the "Placebo Effect"

Hence, the challenge is to include the development of stratification biomarkers into the concept of disease prevention and drug development. In addition, we should distinguish between biomarkers and assays. Biomarkers need to be qualified and properly detected before they can be used in the clinics. Therefore, the applicability of a qualified biomarker relies also on the development of a robust assay. Consequently, the development chain including the discovery of the stratification biomarker, the development of the assay and the qualification of the marker should preferably start in the preclinical phase and the selected stratification biomarkers be explored in clinical. | Meaning Medicine and the Placebo Effect Daniel E. Moerman University of Michigan-Dearborn Igs Cambridge wW UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building Trumpington Street Cambridge United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building Cambridge CB2 2RU UK 40 West 20th Street New York NY 10011-4211 USA 477 Williamstown Road Port Melbourne VIC 3207 Australia Ruiz de Alarcon 13 28014 Madrid Spain Dock House The Waterfront Copse Town 8001 South Africa http www. Cambridge. org Daniel E. Moerman 2002 This book is in copyright. S tbsẻ i L o statuorry exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press Cambridge Typeface Plantin 10 12 pt System LA I EX 2 - tb A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 521 80630 5 hardback ISBN 0 521 00087 4 paperback Contents List of figures page x List of tables xi Acknowledgments xii Introduction Pickle ash and high blood 1 Part I The meaning response 7 1 Healing and medical treatment 9 2 The healing process 16 3 Measurement and its ambiguities 22 4 Doctors and patients 32 5 Formal factors and the meaning response 47 6 Knowledge and culture illness and healing 67 Part II Applications challenges and opportunities 87 7 Psychotherapy placebo effect or meaning response 89 8 The neurobiology and cultural biology of pain 100 9 More research is needed The cases of adherence and self-reported health 116 10 Other approaches learning expecting and conditioning 122 11 Ethics placebos and meaning 127 Part III Meaning and human biology 131 12 The extent and limits of meaning 133 13 Conclusions many claims many issues 147 References 156 Index 169 .

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