TAILIEUCHUNG - OPTICAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

The workshop "Stratification biomarkers in personalised medicine" that was held at the European Commission in Brussels on 10th and 11th June 2010 brought together experts from different fields and perspectives in order to stimulate an open discussion about the evolution of this rapidly expanding area, in which biomarkers are used to adapt therapies to the characteristics of patient populations. The purpose of the workshop was to clarify the scope for stratification biomarkers and to identify barriers in the process from biomarker discovery to their use in clinical trials and in medical practice. It aimed at building a. | CHAPTER 26_ OPTICAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Hiroshi Nishihara Masamitsu Haruna and Toshiaki Suhara FEATURES OF OPTICAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS An optical integrated circuit OIC is a thin-film-type optical circuit designed to perform a function by integrating a laser diode light source functional components such as switches modulators interconnecting waveguides and photodiode detectors all on a single substrate. Through integration a more compact stable and functional optical system can be produced. The key components are slab two-dimensional 2-D or channel three dimensional 3-D waveguides. Therefore the important point is how to design and fabricate good waveguides using the right materials and processes. Some theories and technologies have been investigated by many researchers and published in several technical The features of OlCs are4 1. Single-mode structure waveguide widths are on the order of micrometers and are such that a single-mode optical wave propagates. 2. Stable alignment by integration the device can withstand vibration and temperature change that is the greatest advantage of OlCs. 3. Easy control of the guided wave. 4. Low operating voltage and short interaction length. 5. Faster operation due to shorter electrodes and less capacitance. 6. Larger optical power density. 7. Compactness and light weight. WAVEGUIDE THEORY DESIGN AND FABRICATION 2-D Waveguides The basic structure of a 2-D or slab waveguide is shown in Fig. with the index profiles along the depth where the indices of the cladding layer guiding layer and substrate are nc nf and ns respectively. In the case that nf ns nc the light is confined in the guiding layer by the total internal reflections at two interfaces and propagates along a zigzag path as shown in Fig. . Such a confined lightwave is called a guided mode whose propagation constant p along the z direction exists in the range of k0ns p kanf where k0 2 X. CHAPTER .

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