TAILIEUCHUNG - Wind Energy Management Part 5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'wind energy management part 5', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Technical Framework Conditions to Integrate High Intermittent Renewable Energy Feed-in in Germany 43 in Fig. 6 of a secondary controlled part-network within a total network can be given. In this figure the ACE is the controlled variable the steady-state primary and secondary controlled part- and total network is the controlled system and the secondary control power of the power plants are the manipulated variables. The controller itself is the integral acting secondary control which splits into the different control reserve ranges of each contributing power plant of the secondary control according to the coefficients ci. The operating point scheduled power of the power plants is created by the exchange power schedule of the part-network and the hourly load forecasts as well as by the forecasts for the renewable energy generation. The forecasts of the renewable energy generation are commonly differentiated into the day-ahead and intra-day forecasts to minimize the final forecast error as far as possible. The schedules of all power plants are generated according to the demand and supply characteristic which is traded via the European Energy Exchange EEX in Germany. This process is described by the tertiary control. The forecasts and forecast errors of the load and the renewable energy generation compose the so called residual load . The sum of all forecast errors results in the disturbance variable of the controlled system. Therefore it is the job of the secondary control to automatically compensate the disturbance variable. If in the future this disturbance variable will increase due to the increased fraction of renewable energy sources within the system the actively controlling conventional power plants have to be designed for high control reserves and therefore higher ramping rates. This will cause higher stress and thermodynamical wear and it will increase the maintenance costs. Hence the undisturbed part-networks do not contribute to this control because indeed

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