TAILIEUCHUNG - MATTER AND MOTION_2

The purpose of this course is to explore the development and content of the major ideas that have led to our understanding of the physical universe. As in any science course you will learn about many of the important concepts, theories, and laws that make up the content of the science, physics in this case. But this course goes beyond that; it presents science as experience, as an integrated and exciting intellectual adventure, as the product of humankind’s continual drive to know and to understand our world and our relationship to it | CHAPTER Einstein and Relativity Theory 9O The New Physics Albert Einstein The Relativity Principle Constancy of the Speed of Light Simultaneous Events Relativity of Time Time Dilation Relativity of Length Relativity of Mass Mass and Energy Confirming Relativity Breaking with the Past THE NEW PHYSICS Following Newton s triumph work expanded not only in mechanics but also in the other branches of physics in particular in electricity and magnetism. This work culminated in the late nineteenth century in a new and successful theory of electricity and magnetism based upon the idea of electric and magnetic fields. The Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell who formulated the new electromagnetic field theory showed that what we observe as light can be understood as an electromagnetic wave. Newton s physics and Maxwell s theory account to this day for almost everything we observe in the everyday physical world around us. The motions of planets cars and projectiles light and radio waves colors electric and magnetic 405 406 9. EINSTEIN AND RELATIVITY THEORY effects and currents all fit within the physics of Newton Maxwell and their contemporaries. In addition their work made possible the many wonders of the new electric age that have spread throughout much of the world since the late nineteenth century. No wonder that by 1900 some distinguished physicists believed that physics was nearly complete needing only a few minor adjustments. No wonder they were so astonished when just 5 years later an unknown Swiss patent clerk who had graduated from the Swiss Polytechnic Institute in Zurich in 1900 presented five major research papers that touched off a major transformation in physics that is still in progress. Two of these papers provided the long-sought definitive evidence for the existence of atoms and molecules another initiated the development of the quantum theory of light and the fourth and fifth papers introduced the .

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