TAILIEUCHUNG - a textbook of modern toxicology phần 9

Khoảng chất hóa học tổng hợp hàng năm trên toàn thế giới, và độc tính của hầu hết trong số họ chưa được biết. Rất ít trong số các hóa chất này đạt đến giai đoạn phát triển hơn nữa và sử dụng, nhưng những người mà tôi thường tìm cách của họ vào môi trường. | CHAPTER 25 Analytical Methods in Toxicology ROSS B. LEIDY INTRODUCTION Some 200 000 chemicals are synthesized annually worldwide and the toxicity of most of them is unknown. Few of these chemicals reach the stage of further development and use but those that do usually find their way into the environment. Some are persistent and remain adsorbed to soil particles or soil organic matter some find their way into water through soil movement or aerial deposition others are metabolized by microorganisms into compounds of greater toxicity that move up the food chain. Over time their accumulation in higher life forms could result in debilitating alterations in metabolism leading to illness. It might be years before such illness could be attributed to specific compounds because of the difficulty involved in identifying and quantitating them. The concern over the role of persistent organochlorines in the food chain and their possible role as human xenoestrogens is an example. The identification and quantitation of chemicals in both the environment and in living beings relies on the development of analytical techniques and instruments. Advances in analytical techniques continue to multiply in all fields of toxicology and as mentioned many of these focus on the environmental area. Whether looking for new techniques to sample water or for an automated instrument to determine quantities of sulfur-containing compounds in air such devices are available. In many instances developments in environmental analyses are adaptable to experimental work related to drug toxicity or in forensic medicine to determine the cause of poisoning. Although new techniques and instruments continue to enter the commercial market the basic analytical process has not changed define the research goal s develop a sampling scheme to obtain representative samples isolate the compound s of interest remove potential interfering components and quantitate and evaluate the data in relation to the initial .

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