TAILIEUCHUNG - A handbook for clinical practice - part 4

Nỗ lực mạnh mẽ Mặc dù có nhiều lợi ích tim mạch cũng như thành lập tập thể dục, nó cũng biết rằng SCD dường như xảy ra với một tần số trung bình cao hơn trong hoặc ngay sau khi gắng sức mạnh mẽ. | Clinical characteristics of SCD victims 81 Vigorous exertion Although there are many well-established cardiovascular benefits of exercise it is also well known that SCD appears to occur with a higher than average frequency during or shortly after vigorous exertion. In various case series from 6 to as high as 30 of SCDs occur in association with acute exertion. In Rhode Island an examination of mortality records revealed 12-recorded cases of SCD during jogging during a 6-year period. The authors assessed the community exposure to jogging and estimated that the age-adjusted relative riskof SCD during jogging was 7 95 CI 4-26 compared with the risk during sedentary activities 36 . These findings were extended using a prospective nested case-crossover design within the Physicians Health Study 37 . Men who exercised less than weekly had a 74-fold increased risk of SCD in the period during and 30 min after exertion compared to the risk observed during other activities. In comparison men who exercised at least five times per week had an 11-fold increased risk. However this risk was still significantly elevated compared to the risk during periods of lesser exertion. A retrospective case-control study involving cardiac arrest victims in Seattle and King County came to similar conclusions 38 . The effect of vigorous exertion on the sympathetic nervous system and or plaque vulnerability could account for both the transiently increased risk of SCD during a bout of exertion and the ability of habitual vigorous exercise to modify this excess risk. In an autopsy study of men with CHD who died suddenly the findings showed that men who died during exertion were more likely to have plaque rupture than those who died at rest 39 . Alternatively chronic exercise has known beneficial effects on lipids that may improve plaque stability and also has direct electrophysiologic effects through the sympathetic nervous system. Acute bouts of exercise decrease vagal activity leading to an acute

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