TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 086. Breast Cancer (Part 3)

The Palpable Breast Mass Women should be strongly encouraged to examine their breasts monthly. A potentially flawed study from China has suggested that BSE does not alter survival, but given its safety, the procedure should still be encouraged. At worst, this practice increases the likelihood of detecting a mass at a smaller size when it can be treated with more limited surgery. Breast examination by the physician should be performed in good light so as to see retractions and other skin changes. The nipple and areolae should be inspected, and an attempt should be made to elicit nipple discharge | Chapter 086. Breast Cancer Part 3 The Palpable Breast Mass Women should be strongly encouraged to examine their breasts monthly. A potentially flawed study from China has suggested that BSE does not alter survival but given its safety the procedure should still be encouraged. At worst this practice increases the likelihood of detecting a mass at a smaller size when it can be treated with more limited surgery. Breast examination by the physician should be performed in good light so as to see retractions and other skin changes. The nipple and areolae should be inspected and an attempt should be made to elicit nipple discharge. All regional lymph node groups should be examined and any lesions should be measured. Physical examination alone cannot exclude malignancy. Lesions with certain features are more likely to be cancerous hard irregular tethered or fixed or painless lesions . A negative mammogram in the presence of a persistent lump in the breast does not exclude malignancy. Palpable lesions require additional diagnostic procedures including biopsy. In premenopausal women lesions that are either equivocal or nonsuspicious on physical examination should be reexamined in 2-4 weeks during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Days 5-7 of the cycle are the best time for breast examination. A dominant mass in a postmenopausal woman or a dominant mass that persists through a menstrual cycle in a premenopausal woman should be aspirated by fine-needle biopsy or referred to a surgeon. If nonbloody fluid is aspirated the diagnosis cyst and therapy have been accomplished together. Solid lesions that are persistent recurrent complex or bloody cysts require mammography and biopsy although in selected patients the so-called triple diagnostic techniques palpation mammography aspiration can be used to avoid biopsy Figs. 86-1 86-2 and 86-3 . Ultrasound can be used in place of fine-needle aspiration to distinguish cysts from solid lesions. Not all solid masses are detected .

• Y học thường thức
• Breast Cancer
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu y khoa
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• BMC Cancer
• Breast cancer screening
• Familial breast cancer
• Young breast cancer survivors
• High risk relatives
• Randomized trial
• Breast cancer management
• Gross anatomy
• The breast
• Breast cancer epidemiology
• Hereditary breast cancer genetics
• Prediction techniques
• Cancer susceptibility gene
• Breast cancer prognosis
• Next generation sequencing
• Breast specific gamma imaging
• Diagnosing breast cancer during
• Ductal carcinoma in situ
• DNA methylation
• Breast epithelial cells
• Breast cancer campaign tissue bank
• Breast milk
• Axillary lymph node dissection
• Breast cancer related lymphedema
• Breast lymphatics level
• Ovarian cancer
• Mauritanian breast cancer patients
• Triple negative breast cancer
• Molecular subtype
• Cholesterol observed
• Female breast cancer
• Breast feeding
• World Health Organization
• Inflammatory breast cancer
• Case comparison study
• Family history of breast cancer
• Breast cancer risk factors
• Multiplex IBC families
• Carcinoma associated fibroblasts
• Breast cancer pathogenesis
• Breast cancer cell biology
• Cytokine molecules mediating
• Stage IV breast cancer
• Metastatic breast cancer
• Diagnostic marker
• Searching reliable
• Protein cancer biomarkers
• Breast fluid secretome
• breast cancer second edition
• Breast Sonography
• Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast
• Mammography
• Breast Reconstruction
• Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
• Breast imaging
• Breast pathology
• Breast soft tissue
• Breast cancers
• Breast tumorigenesis
• Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug
• Hormone receptor positive breast cancer
• HER2 positive breast cancer
• Aggressive tumor phenotype
• Health care
• Including increased frequency
• Polygenic risk score
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms
• Artifcial neural network
• Estrogen receptor negative breast cancer
• Mammographic breast density
• Breast cancer risk
• Atypical hyperplasia
• Established risk factors
• Non melanoma skin cancer
• Metastatic cancer
• Reduce ethnic
• Multivariate models adjusting
• Cancer survivorship
• Cancer prevalence
• Statistical projection
• Toll like receptor 4
• +3725G C polymorphism
• Egyptian breast cancer atients
• Breast cancer cases than controls
• Post treatment breast cancer patients
• Pre treatment breast cancer
• Extraaxilary nodes
• Distance metastases
• Breast cancer cell lines
• Breast tumor subtypes
• Topoisomerase I
• Camptothecin sensivity
• Epithelial type
• Triplenegative breast carcinomas
• N terminal p63 isoforms