TAILIEUCHUNG - Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who work with the elderly (Review)
Good nutrition is vital to good health and is absolutely essential for the healthy growth and development of children and adolescents. Major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States are related to poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Specific diseases and conditions linked to poor diet include cardiovascular disease, hyper tension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity, osteoporosis, constipation, diverticular disease, iron deficiency anemia, oral disease, malnutrition, and some cancers. Lack of physical activity has been associ ated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, overweight and obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes, and certain cancers. Furthermore, muscle strengthening and improving balance can reduce falls and increase functional status among older adults. Together with physical activity, a highquality diet that does not provide excess calories should enhance the health of most individuals. Poor diet and physical inactivity, resulting in an energy imbalance (more calories consumed than expended), are the most important factors contributing to the increase in overweight and obesity in this country. Moreover, over weight and obesity are major risk factors for certain chronic diseases such as diabetes. In 1999–2002, 65 percent of . adults were overweight, an increase from 56 percent in 1988–1994. Data from 1999–2002 also showed that 30 percent of adults were obese, an increase from 23 percent in an earlier survey. Dramatic increases in the prevalence of overweight have occurred in children and adolescents of both sexes, with approximately 16 percent of children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years considered to be over weight (1999–2002).3 In order to reverse this trend, many Americans need to consume fewer calories, be more active, and make wiser choices within and among food groups. The Dietary Guidelines provides a framework to promote healthier lifestyles (see ch. 3). . | Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who work with the elderly Review Thomas RE Jefferson T Lasserson TJ THE COCHRANE COLLABORATION This is a reprint of a Cochrane review prepared and maintained byThe Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2010 Issue 2 http WILEY J Publishers Since 1807 Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who work with the elderly Review Copyright 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley Sons Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER . 1 ABSTRACT. 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY. 2 BACKGROUND. 2 OBJECTIVES . 3 METHODS. 3 Figure 1. 6 RESULTS. 6 Figure 2. 7 Figure 3. 8 DISCUSSION. 12 AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS . 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 14 REFERENCES. 15 CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDIES. 18 DATAANDANALYSES. 33 Analysis . Comparison 1 HCWs offered vaccination versus HCWs offered no vaccination experimental design data for periods of high influenza activity Carman and Potter 152 Hayward 145 Lemaitre 118 days Outcome 1 Influenzalike iIlness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Analysis . Comparison 1 HCWs offered vaccination versus HCWs offered no vaccination experimental design data for periods of high influenza activity Carman and Potter 152 Hayward 145 Lemaitre 118 days Outcome 2 Mean rate of influenza-like iIlness per participant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Analysis . Comparison 1 HCWs offered vaccination versus HCWs offered no vaccination experimental design data for periods of high influenza activity Carman and Potter 152 Hayward 145 Lemaitre 118 days Outcome 3 Influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Analysis . Comparison 1 HCWs offered vaccination versus HCWs offered no vaccination experimental design data for periods of high influenza activity Carman and Potter 152 Hayward 145 Lemaitre 118 days Outcome 4 Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 .
đang nạp các trang xem trước
