TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 057. Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light (Part 4)

Immunologic Effects Exposure to solar radiation causes local (inhibition of immune responses to antigens applied at the irradiated site) and systemic (inhibition of immune responses to antigens applied at remote unirradiated sites) immunosuppression. The action spectrum for UV-induced immunosuppression closely mimics the absorption spectrum of DNA. Pyrimidine dimers in LCs may inhibit antigen presentation. The absorption spectrum of epidermal urocanic acid closely mimics the action spectrum for UV-B-induced immunosuppression. Trans-cis isomerization of urocanic acid in the stratum corneum leads to its systemic absorption and consequent immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore administration of modest doses of UV-B to human skin reduces the degree of allergic. | Chapter 057. Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light Part 4 Immunologic Effects Exposure to solar radiation causes local inhibition of immune responses to antigens applied at the irradiated site and systemic inhibition of immune responses to antigens applied at remote unirradiated sites immunosuppression. The action spectrum for UV-induced immunosuppression closely mimics the absorption spectrum of DNA. Pyrimidine dimers in LCs may inhibit antigen presentation. The absorption spectrum of epidermal urocanic acid closely mimics the action spectrum for UV-B-induced immunosuppression. Trans-cis isomerization of urocanic acid in the stratum corneum leads to its systemic absorption and consequent immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore administration of modest doses of UV-B to human skin reduces the degree of allergic sensitization to the potent contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene. This is associated with ROS-induced depletion of epidermal LCs. Higher doses of UV-radiation evoke diminished immunologic responses to antigens introduced either epicutaneously or intracutaneously at sites distant from the irradiated site. These suppressed responses are also associated with the induction of antigen-specific suppressor T lymphocytes and may be mediated by as yet undefined factors that are released from epidermal cells at the irradiated site. One important consequence of chronic sun exposure and the concomitant immunosuppression is enhanced risk of skin cancer. Perhaps the most graphic demonstration of the role of immunosuppression in enhancing the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer has come from studies of patients receiving organ transplantation who are on chronic immunosuppressive antirejection drug regimens. More than 50 of transplant patients develop BCCs and SCCs and these cancers are the most common malignancy arising in immunosuppressed solid-organ transplant recipients. Human papilloma viruses HPVs may also play a role in the increased risk of SCCs in these patients

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