TAILIEUCHUNG - Intro to Practical Fluid Flow Episode 2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'intro to practical fluid flow episode 2', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Flow of fluids in piping systems 11 The head loss due to friction is sometimes also expressed in terms of the number of velocity heads Nvh that are lost. A velocity head is defined to be the quantity v2 2g so that V2 hf Nvh 2g Comparing this with equation Nvh 4f Whenever the pipe has a cross-section that is not circular but the pipe still runs full the diameter D in all of the above formulas should be replaced by the hydraulic mean diameter which is defined by 4 X flow cross-sectional area wetted perimeter The friction factor Experiments have shown that the friction factor can be correlated uniquely with the Reynolds number calculated for the fluid as it flows inside the channel. Re Rf A large amount of data obtained experimentally using many different fluids in pipes having diameters differing by orders of magnitude have been assembled into the so-called friction-factor chart. This chart is shown in Figure and it is probably the most widely used chart by engineers who deal with fluid flow problems. It is important to understand that the friction factor plot represents experimentally determined data and does not have a priori theoretical foundation. It appears in virtually every text book that covers hydrodynamics and fluid flow. It has been published in several sizes and prior to the personal computer era it was common to read values directly from the graph with the attendant lack of precision. Now computer versions of the friction factor chart are readily available and the chart is included in the FLUIDS toolbox that is included on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book. Empirical expressions have been established that summarize these graphs and the most widely used equation is 1 ReV7 - Equation applies only when the inside of the pipe wall is smooth and the fluid is turbulent in the pipe which occurs when Re 2000. 12 Introduction to Practical Fluid Flow Friction factor for Newtonian fluids Figure Friction

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