TAILIEUCHUNG - Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 6

6 Herbivory It is 4:00 . on a cold, wet midsummer’s day in Southwest England. The 500 kg dairy cows have been grazing for 30 minutes. A network of eighteen video cameras in weatherproof cases stands ready to record events across the study site. By . the cows have grazed for 9 hours and spent another 7 hours ruminating. | Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 6 Herbivory Jonathan Newman Prologue It is 4 00 . on a cold wet midsummer s day in Southwest England. The 500 kg dairy cows have been grazing for 30 minutes. A network of eighteen video cameras in weatherproof cases stands ready to record events across the study site. By . the cows have grazed for 9 hours and spent another 7 hours ruminating regurgitating and chewing . A bite recorder fig. has logged every jaw movement more than 72 000 of them . Each cow has ingested more than 6 kg of food while roaming across the 11-hectare field. Meanwhile in a nearby greenhouse an experimenter places individual peach aphids onto small melon plants growing in 12 cm pots. Each 2 X 10-6 kg aphid wanders across the plant for 10 15 minutes occasionally stopping to probe the plant then inserts its stylet into the leaf phloem and remains motionless for the next 2 hours sucking in sap and expelling honeydew. It repeats this process continuously day and night. What could possibly be interesting about these two foraging situations Who cares and why Milk production depends critically on crude protein ingestion. Are the cows selecting a diet that maximizes their protein intake Can we manipulate their natural behaviors to increase milk production How can we maintain the pasture species composition and density in the face of the cows foraging behavior The lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 176 Jonathan Newman Figure . Cow wearing the Penning bite recorder. The recorder works by recording the stretching of the elastic band under the jaw. Jaw movements of different types stretch the elastic in characteristic ways. A computer program then converts these data into jaw movements of different types based on their characteristic shapes. See for more information.

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