TAILIEUCHUNG - OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P54

OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P54:There is an ever increasing demand for staff with IT industry certification. The benefits to employers are significant—they can be certain that staff have a certain level of competence—and the benefits to the individuals, in terms of demand for their services, are equally great. Many employers are now requiring technical staff to have certifications, and many IT purchasers will not buy from firms that do not have certified staff. | OCA OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 486 The first two row counts are performed on the COUNTRIES and REGIONS tables yielding 25 and 4 rows respectively. The third query counts the number of rows returned from a cross join of these tables and yields 100. Query 4 would return 100 records if the WHERE clause were absent. Each of the four rows in the REGIONS table is joined to the one row from the COUNTRIES table. Each row returned contains every column from both tables. Oracle Join Syntax A proprietary Oracle join syntax has evolved that is stable and understood by millions of users. This traditional syntax is supported by Oracle and is present in software systems across the world. This syntax performs a Cartesian product and then filters the result with a WHERE clause while the ANSI syntax joins the tables first and then any separate WHERE clause conditions are applied to the joined results set. You will no doubt encounter the traditional Oracle join syntax that is now making way for the standardized ANSI-compliant syntax discussed in this chapter. The traditional Oracle join syntax supports natural joining outer joins and Cartesian joins as shown in the following queries Query 1 select name name from regions countries where Query 2 select last name department name from employees departments where Query 3 select from regions countries Query 1 performs a natural join by specifying the join as a condition in the WHERE clause. This is the most significant difference between the traditional and ANSI SQL join syntaxes. Take note of the column aliasing using the notation to disambiguate the identical column names. This notation is discussed later in this chapter. Query 2 specifies the join between the source and target tables as a WHERE condition with a plus symbol enclosed in brackets to the left of the equal sign that .

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