TAILIEUCHUNG - OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P45

OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P45:There is an ever increasing demand for staff with IT industry certification. The benefits to employers are significant—they can be certain that staff have a certain level of competence—and the benefits to the individuals, in terms of demand for their services, are equally great. Many employers are now requiring technical staff to have certifications, and many IT purchasers will not buy from firms that do not have certified staff. | OCA OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 396 Equality and Inequality Limiting the rows returned by a query involves specifying a suitable WHERE clause. If the clause is too restrictive then few or no rows are returned. If the conditional clause is too broadly specified then more rows than are required are returned. Exploring the different available operators should equip you with the language to request exactly those rows you are interested in. Testing for equality in a condition is both natural and intuitive. Such a condition is formed using the is equal to operator. A row is returned if the equality condition is true for that row. Consider the following query select last_name salary from employees where job_id SA_REP The JOB_ID column of every row in the EMPLOYEES table is tested for equality with the character literal SA_REP. For character information to be equal there must be an exact case-sensitive match. When such a match is encountered the values for the projected columns LAST_NAME and SALARY are returned for that row. Note that although the conditional clause is based on the JOB_ID column it is not necessary for this column to be projected by the query. Inequality-based conditions enhance the WHERE clause specification. Range and pattern matching comparisons are possible using inequality and equality operators but it is often preferable to use the BETWEEN and LIKE operators for these comparisons. The inequality operators are described in Table 9-3. Inequality operators allow range-based queries to be fulfilled. You may be required to provide a set of results where a column value is greater than another value. The following query may be issued to obtain a list of LAST_NAME and SALARY values for employees who earn more that 5000 select last_name salary from employees where salary 5000 The composite inequality operators made up of more than one symbol are utilized in the following clauses Clause 1 where salary 3000 Clause 2 where salary department id

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