TAILIEUCHUNG - Handbook of mathematics for engineers and scienteists part 56

The circle tangent to the three sides of a triangle and lying inside the triangle is called the incircle of the triangle. The center O-y of the incircle (the incemer) is the point where the angle bisectors meet (Fig. ). | . Power Series 353 A special case of the Taylor series for x0 0 is the Maclaurin series fn 0 xn f 0 f 0 x 1 f 0 x2 . n 0 A formal Taylor series Maclaurin series for a function f x may be 1 divergent for x X0 2 convergent in a neighborhood of x0 to a function different from f x 3 convergent in a neighborhood of x0 to the function f x . In the last case one says that f x admits expansion in Taylor series in the said neighborhood and one writes tt f x T f n x0 x - x0 n. n n 0 . Conditions of expansion in Taylor series. A necessary and sufficient condition for a function f x to be represented by its Taylor series in a neighborhood of a point x0 is that the remainder term in the Taylor formula should tend to zero as n o in this neighborhood of x0. In order that f x could be represented by its Taylor series in a neighborhood of x0 it suffices that all its derivatives in that neighborhood be bounded by the same constant f ra x M for all n. Uniqueness of the Taylor series expansion. For a function f x that can be represented as the sum of a power series the coefficients of this series are determined uniquely since this series is the Taylor series of f x and its coefficients have the form f n xo --- where n n 0 1 2 . . Therefore in problems of representing a function by a power series the answer does not depend on the method adopted for this purpose. . Representation of some functions by the Maclaurin series. The following representations of elementary functions by Maclaurin series are often used in applications sin x cos x sinh x ex 1 9 x 3 x3 xn x 2 3 n 3 x3 x - x5 x2n-1 -1 n-1 x 3 5 2n - 1 x2 x4 x2n 1 -TTT 1 . 2 4 2n 3 x3 x5 x2n-1 x - 3 5 2n - 1 Different representations of the remainder in the Taylor formula are given in Paragraph . 354 Series 2 4 2 y y 1 1XX X COSh X 1 2 4 - 2 - 1 xf 1 ax OTO1 x2 . a a - a - n x 2 n ln 1 x x - X2 X3 - -1 n 1 2 3 n zy 3 zy 5 y 2l 1 arctan x x--- -------- 1 1----- . 3 5 2n - 1 The first five series are convergent

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