TAILIEUCHUNG - Modern Electric , Hybrid Electric and rule cell vehicles P2

The problems associated with the frenetic combustion of fossil fuels are many: pollution, global warming, and foreseeable exhaustion of resources, among others. Although difficult to estimate, the costs associated with these problems are huge and indirect,8 and may be financial, human, or both. Costs induced by pollution include, but are not limited to, health expenses, the cost of replanting forests devastated by acid rain, and the cost of cleaning and fixing monuments corroded by acid rain. Health expenses probably represent the largest share of these costs, especially in developed. | 8 Modern Electric Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles FIGURE World oil consumption. explosion in oil consumption is to be expected with a proportional increase in pollutant emissions and CO2 emissions. Induced Costs The problems associated with the frenetic combustion of fossil fuels are many pollution global warming and foreseeable exhaustion of resources among others. Although difficult to estimate the costs associated with these problems are huge and indirect 8 and may be financial human or both. Costs induced by pollution include but are not limited to health expenses the cost of replanting forests devastated by acid rain and the cost of cleaning and fixing monuments corroded by acid rain. Health expenses probably represent the largest share of these costs especially in developed countries with socialized medicine or health-insured populations. Costs associated with global warming are difficult to assess. They may include the cost of the damages caused by hurricanes lost crops due to dryness damaged properties due to floods and international aid to relieve the affected populations. The amount is potentially huge. Most of the petroleum-producing countries are not the largest petroleumconsuming countries. Most of the production is located in the Middle East while most of the consumption is located in Europe North America and Asia Pacific. As a result consumers have to import their oil and depend on the producing countries. This issue is particularly sensitive in the Middle Environmental Impact and History of Modern Transportation 9 East where political turmoil affected the oil delivery to Western countries in 1973 and 1977. The Gulf War the Iran-Iraq war and the constant surveillance of the area by the United States and allied forces come at a cost that is both human and financial. The dependency of Western economies on a fluctuating oil supply is potentially expensive. Indeed a shortage in oil supply causes a serious slowdown of the economy resulting

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