TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 30

A superscript question mark will be used similarly to indicate that a sen¬ tence or constituent is questionable for a grammatical or semantic-prag¬ matic reason. A double superscript question mark indicates an even higher degree of qucstionability. | 196 4. The absolute past tense Bygone situations W-bygone vs T-bygone A situation is W-bygone if it is completely over at t0. Both I did it and I have done it refer to W-bygone situations. A situation is T-bygone if the situation time is represented as bygone by the tense form used. The fact that a situation time is represented as T-bygone does not always mean that the full situation has to be over at t0. Thus it does not follow from Five minutes ago Meg was washing an elephant that the washing must have stopped before t0. We will refer to a situation which is completely over at t0 in the actual world or in the fictional world referred to as a W-ByGONE situation. Since the reference is to a real-world situation a W-bygone situation is always a full situation see . The label past situation will not be used in this sense because bygone situations may under certain conditions be located in the pre-present I have closed the door rather than in the past I closed the door . By past situation we will mean a W-bygone situation whose situation time is located in a past domain. The name finished situation is not suitable as an alternative to W-bygone situation either because finished is applicable to telic situations only see whereas W-bygone situations may be referred to by VPs which are either telic John told me a story or atelic John was a nice guy I was reading poetry . A situation whose situation time is located completely before t0 by a tense is a T-ByGONE situation. Since the reference is to how a situation is located in time by a tense a T-bygone situation is a predicated situation rather than a full situation see . In ten minutes ago John was working in the garden the predicated situation i. e. that portion of the full situation that coincides with the time indicated by the adverbial is completely over at t0 i. e. T-bygone but the full situation may still be continuing. For ease of reference we will speak of ByGONE situations .

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