TAILIEUCHUNG - Quantitative Methods for Business chapter 5

C H A P T E R 5 Good visibility – pictorial presentation of data Chapter objectives This chapter will help you to: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ illustrate qualitative data using pictographs, bar charts and pie charts portray quantitative data using histograms, cumulative frequency charts and stem and leaf displays present bivariate quantitative data using scatter diagrams display time series data using time series charts use the technology: | CHAPTER 5 Good visibility -pictorial presentation of data Chapter objectives This chapter will help you to illustrate qualitative data using pictographs bar charts and pie charts portray quantitative data using histograms cumulative frequency charts and stem and leaf displays present bivariate quantitative data using scatter diagrams display time series data using time series charts use the technology data presentation in EXCEL MINITAB and SPSS become acquainted with business uses of pictorial data presentation In the last chapter we looked at arranging and tabulating data taking the first steps in transforming raw data into information bringing meaning to the apparently meaningless. In this chapter we will continue this theme by considering various ways of portraying data in visual form. Used appropriately the diagrams and charts you will find here are very effective means of communicating the patterns and meaning contained in data specifically the patterns and sequences in distributions. 136 Quantitative methods for business Chapter 5 There are techniques that are very common in business documents so being able to understand what they mean is an important skill. There are many different diagrams and charts that can be used to do this so it is important to know when to use them. The techniques we use depend on the type of data we want to present in the same way as the suitability of the methods of arranging data featured in the last chapter depended on the type of data. Essentially the simpler the data the simpler the presentational tools that can be used to represent them simple nominal data restricted to a few categories can be shown effectively in the form of a simple bar chart whereas ratio data require the more rigorous scaling of something like a histogram. Displaying qualitative data Section of Chapter 4 covered the arrangement of qualitative data in the form of summary tables. As well as being a useful way of displaying qualitative data a summary

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