TAILIEUCHUNG - Lifetime-Oriented Structural Design Concepts- P6

Lifetime-Oriented Structural Design Concepts- P6: At the beginning of 1996, the Cooperative Research Center SFB 398 financially supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) was started at Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB). A scientists group representing the fields of structural engineering, structural mechanics, soil mechanics, material science, and numerical mathematics introduced a research program on “lifetimeoriented design concepts on the basis of damage and deterioration aspects”. | Load-Independent Environmental Impact 107 are dissolved. This leads directly to an increase in porosity and permeability and also to a loss of stability. As a rule no direct deformation of the affected structural element is observed in case of a dissolvent process. Sulfate Attack An external sulfate attack is caused by water and soil layers containing sulfate or SO2 in the air. The sulfate attack can only occur if damp is present. The formation of reaction products see Subsection which cause swelling in the concrete in sufficient quantities is decisive for a swelling attack following sulfate penetration. The resulting compressive stress due to expansion causes swelling crack formation and ultimately leads to a loss of stability and damage to the cement matrix. Due to its great technological significance on account of the prevalence of concrete structures and the sulfate compounds which occur almost everywhere in ground water seepage water and soil layers a large number of investigations into sulphate attack have been performed in the past. Current knowledge has been integrated into rules and standards 6 14 . No damage has been reported in Germany for concrete with a high sulfate resistance where the measures defined in the standards have been adhered to 147 . For a number of years there have been international reports of a new form of sulphate damage to concrete structures this is described as the thaumasite form of sulphate attack Subsection . Unlike the generally known forms of sulfate attack which lead to the formation of cracks and thus to a decrease in stability of the concrete through swelling reactions ettringite swelling and at high sulphate concentrations also gypsum swelling a damaging formation of thaumasite leads to weakening the strength-forming CSH-phases of the cement matrix are degraded. In general concrete foundations of bridges and structures which were exposed to a strong sulfate attack in the ground are .

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