TAILIEUCHUNG - Oxford guide to english grammar part 14

English words do nor have a lot of different endings for number and gender. Word order is very important in English. The verb phrase can have a complex structure. There are many idioms with prepositions. | PAGE 85 65 Present perfect and past simple We can also use the present instead of the past to tell a story. It makes the action seem more direct as if happening now. I m standing outside the bank and a man conies up to me and grabs hold of my arm. We also use the present for actions in films plays and books. Macbeth murders the King ofScotland who is staying at his castle. NOTE a We can also use the present simple with a performative verb . promise. 16 3 I promise I won tforget. I suggest we go. Yes I agree. b For the present simple after here there 49 3b . c The present simple is used in headlines for a recent action Railfares go up. In normal style we use the present perfect Railfares have gone up. f Verbs of reporting We can report the written word with a present simple verb. We see the written statement as existing in the present. It says said in the paper that there s going to be a strike. The notice warns passengers to take care. The letter explains everything. We can also do this with reports of spoken words that we have heard recently. 268 1 a Shakespeare is England s greatest writer Mr Adams says I said. g The future We can use the present continuous to talk about what someone has arranged to do and the present simple for actions and events which are part of a timetable. 73 Sadie is coming to stay with us next week. The ferry gets into Rotterdam at six o clock tomorrow morning. We also use the present simple in some sub clauses of future time. 77 If you need any help tomorrow let me know. 65 Present perfect and past simple THE SKI SHOP Debbie Haveyou seen the ski shop that sjust opened in the High Street Nicola Yes it opened last week didn t it Ihaven t been in thereyet. Debbie I went inyesterday. It s really good. Ibought some gloves. We re going to Italy next winter and I can buy clothes there. Nicola I haven t skiedfor ages actually. I ve got some skis - I ve had them for years. I used to ski a lot when I was younger. Debbie Where didyougo Nicola We

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