TAILIEUCHUNG - Internetworking with TCP/IP- P56

Internetworking with TCP/IP- P56: TCP/IP has accommodated change well. The basic technology has survived nearly two decades of exponential growth and the associated increases in traffic. The protocols have worked over new high-speed network technologies, and the design has handled applications that could not be imagined in the original design. Of course, the entire protocol suite has not remained static. New protocols have been deployed, and new techniques have been developed to adapt existing protocols to new network technologies | Sec. Remote Procedure Call RPC 509 A related tool XDR provides a way for programmers to pass data among heterogeneous machines without writing procedures to convert among the hardware data representations. For example not all computers represent 32-bit binary integers in the same format. Some store the most significant byte at the highest memory address while others store the least significant byte at the highest address. Thus if programmers use a network merely to move the bytes of an integer from one machine to another without rearranging them the value of the integer may change. XDR solves the problem by defining a machine-independent representation. At one end of a communication channel a program invokes XDR procedures to convert from the local hardware representation to the machine-independent representation. Once the data has been transferred to another machine the receiving program invokes XDR routines to convert from the machine-independent representation to the machine s local representation. The chief advantage of XDR is that it automates much of the data conversion task. Programmers do not need to type XDR procedure calls manually. Instead they provide the XDR compiler with the declaration statements from the program for which data must be transformed and the compiler automatically generates a program with the needed XDR library calls. Summary Access to data on remote files takes two forms whole-file copying and shared online access. The File Transfer Protocol FTP is the major file transfer protocol in the TCP IP suite. FTP uses whole-file copying and provides the ability for users to list directories on the remote machine as well as transfer files in either direction. The Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP provides a small simple alternative to FTP for applications that need only file transfer. Because it is small enough to be contained in ROM TFTP can be used for bootstrapping diskless machines. The Network File System NFS designed by Sun

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