TAILIEUCHUNG - Influence of crop establishment methods on crop water productivity and profitability in rice-wheat systems under eastern Indo Gangetic plains

Rice-Wheat cropping system pre-dominated in the India covering an area of about million hectare. Adverse effect of continuous puddling in rice field forced scientists to search for other methods of rice establishment like direct seeding; machines transplanted and dry seeding with ZT machine and wheat by zero tillage etc. In a 3‐year study, we assessed the effects of crop establishment methods in participatory mode on farmers’ field through on farm on productivity and profitability in a rice–wheat (RW) system at Basti, Siddharthnagar and Gorakhpur district of . Result of the study revealed that rice sown with drum seeder in puddled condition gave highest grain yield among the rice establishment methods tested. Rice sowing with drum seeder yield was increased , and % over farmer practice in Basti, Siddharthnagar and Gorakhpur locations, respectively. Wheat planted in Rice (UPMTP) - Wheat (ZT) gave tha-1 grain yields than FP. Zero tillage wheat sown obtained , and % higher yield over the farmers practice in Basti, Siddharthnagar and Gorakhpur locations. Treatment unpuddled mechanical transplanted rice and zero tillage wheat recorded highest rice equivalent yield t ha-1 yr-1 . Treatments rice (DSR) – wheat (ZT) followed by rice (DMS) –wheat (ZT) and rice (UPMTP) –wheat (ZT) obtained higher net return and B: C ratio. However, compared with traditional practice of cultivation farmers much convinced with rice sown either dry direct seeded or mechanical transplanted drum seeding and wheat by zero tillage technology, especially in terms of independency of agricultural labourers, yield potential and benefit-cost ratio. Results from this study revealed that conventionally tilled (CT) and transplanting of rice could be successfully replaced by adoption of the profitable DSR - wheat ZT in –rice-wheat system. | Influence of crop establishment methods on crop water productivity and profitability in rice-wheat systems under eastern Indo Gangetic plains

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• Crop establishment methods
• Drum seeder
• Zero tillage
• RiceWheat system
• Profitable DSR wheat ZT in –rice wheat system
• Grain yield
• Different crop establishment methods
• Yield attributes
• Weed management
• Weed dynamics in rice crop
• Various crop establishment methods
• Weed management approaches
• Weed dynamics
• Various weed management approaches
• Weed dynamics in rice
• Residue on yield
• Yield attributes and economics
• Economics of ricein RW system
• Northern plains of IGP
• Direct wet seeded
• Aerobic rice
• Weed management practices on rice
• Yield and economic impact
• Irrigation management
• Alternate wetting
• Drying method
• Transplanting and direct seeded rice
• Nutrient management
• Rice on biological properties
• Biological properties of soil
• Available nitrogen
• Weed control
• Growth and yield
• Transplanted paddy variety CO
• Weeding practices
• Machine transplanting
• Nitrogen levels
• Yield of rice
• Nutrient absorption are facilitated
• Different systems of rice cultivation
• Water productivity
• Water use efficiency
• Irrigation regimes on rice
• Primary branch
• Seed yield
• Haulm yield
• Productivity of succeeding green gram
• Straw yield
• Lowland farming situation
• Summer under lowland farming situation
• Crop establishment
• Direct seeding
• Late sown rice
• Different establishment methods
• Seed cotton
• Date of sowing
• Yield and economics of BT cotton
• Sowing on growth
• Furrow irrigation
• Drip irrigation
• Sett planting and chip bud seedling
• Chip bud seedling
• Directseeded rice
• Nutrient content
• Nutrient uptake
• Zinc fertilization
• Conservation agriculture
• Maizewheat system
• Nutrient uptake and residue
• Direct seeded rice
• Non puddled transplanted rice
• No till
• Yield in rice rice cropping sequence
• Establishment methods
• Weed management practices
• Transplanting and yield
• Economics of rice
• Physiological processes
• Light interception
• Radiation use efficiency
• Semiarid agro ecosystem
• Planting methods
• Rice (Oryza sativa L
• Dry direct seeded rice
• Leaf colour chart
• Ricechickpea cropping system
• Net return
• Integrated nutrient mangment
• Growth attributes
• Harvest index
• Nutrient management practices