TAILIEUCHUNG - Genome editing: Methods and application in plant pathology

emerging field Genome manipulation technology is one of emerging field which brings real revolution in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Genome editing technique is consistent for improving average yield to achieve the growing demands of world‟s existing food famine. Because of their advantages such as simplicity, efficiency, high specificity and amenability to multiplexing, genome editing technologies are revolutionizing the way crop breeding is done and paving the way for next generation breeding. In different areas including plant research, new breeding techniques are of great concern such as plant pathogen resistance, developmental biology and abiotic stress tolerance. Meganucleases (MNs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) are the four types of nucleases used in genome editing (Jaganathan et al., 2018). Homing endonuclease/meganuclease enzymes were the first among synthetic nucleases, to be used for genome editing purposes in plants, including Arabidopsis and maize. The recognition sites of homing endonucleases do not occur naturally in the plant genome, and this is the main limitation of these endonucleases as plant genome editing tools (Kumar & Jain, 2015). Chimeric restriction endonucleases were created as the first ZFNs and were shown to have in vitro activity. | EXCELLENT PUBLISHERS International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 05 2019 Journal homepage http Review Article https Genome Editing Methods and Application in Plant Pathology Lokesh Yadav Promil Kapoor and Ashwani Kumar Department of Plant Pathology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar- 125004 India Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Genome editing Plant pathology Meganuclease Cas9___________ Article Info Accepted 12 April 2019 Available Online 10 May 2019 Genome manipulation technology is one of emerging field which brings real revolution in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Genome editing technique is consistent for improving average yield to achieve the growing demands of world s existing food famine. Because of their advantages such as simplicity efficiency high specificity and amenability to multiplexing genome editing technologies are revolutionizing the way crop breeding is done and paving the way for next generation breeding. In different areas including plant research new breeding techniques are of great concern such as plant pathogen resistance developmental biology and abiotic stress tolerance. Meganucleases MNs zinc finger nucleases ZFNs transcription activator-like effector nucleases TALENs and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR CRISPR associated protein 9 Cas9 are the four types of nucleases used in genome editing Jaganathan et al. 2018 . Homing endonuclease meganuclease enzymes were the first among synthetic nucleases to be used for genome editing purposes in plants including Arabidopsis and maize. The recognition sites of homing endonucleases do not occur naturally in the plant genome and this is the main limitation of these endonucleases as plant genome editing tools Kumar Jain 2015 . Chimeric restriction endonucleases were created as the first ZFNs and were shown to have in vitro activity. TALENs are

• Sinh học
• Genome editing
• Plant pathology
• Methods and application in plant pathology
• Plant pathology
• Application in plant pathology
• Emerging field
• Guide RNA
• Nobel approach for genome editing
• Genetic manipulation in future
• CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism
• Genome editing mechanisms
• Genome Biology
• Bacteriophage resistance
• CRISPR Cas9 genome editing tools
• Biological processes
• Plant virus
• RNA silencing
• Antiviral breeding
• Gene silencing to genome editing
• BMC Biotechnology
• Editing efficiency
• Cas9 genome editing system
• Engineer mammalian genomes
• Gene editing
• PAM stringency
• Off targeting
• C containing PAM
• Prime editing
• Herbicide resistance
• Genome editing technology
• Transgenic rice lines
• Therapeutic genome
• Precisely modifying
• Infectious diseases
• Human cells
• Mouse cells
• Single RNA guided endonuclease system
• Genome engineering
• Multiplexed orthogonal genome editing
• Cas9 nickase
• RNA scaffolds
• Multifunctional genome
• BMC Plant Biology
• Vitis vinifera
• Modifying genomes
• Protospacer adjacent motif
• Cajal body
• Cancer mutations
• CRISPR Cas9 genome editing
• Facilitate indefinite proliferation
• Stem cells
• Genetic modification
• RNA guided Cas9 system represents
• Genome editing in plants
• Multigene families in crops
• Selection free genome editing
• CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoproteins
• Cas9 ribonucleoprotein embryo bombardment
• Radiation induced double strand breaks
• CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing
• Inducing small insertions
• Induce exon skipping
• Autoinhibitory domain
• β catenin exon 3
• All in one rAAV
• Mobile genetic elements
• CRISPR associated proteins
• BMC Bioinformatics
• Base editing
• Web based tool
• NGS analysis
• RNA editing
• Adjacent genomic element
• Promoting RNA
• RNA editing enzyme ADAR
• Protein sequence
• Necessity in agriculture
• Modify genome of an organism
• Several mechanism
• DNA is inserted
• Polycistronic tRNA gRNA
• Reversal of carbapenem resistance
• Shewanella algae
• Single plasmid containing CRISPR
• Potential validation strategy
• Triticum aestivum
• CRISPR Cas9 system
• Non transgenic glyphosate
• gRNA design tool
• Transcriptional regulation
• Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9
• Escherichia coli
• Salmonella enterica
• Essential genes
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• CRISPR Cas9
• Future clinical trials
• Multiple gene mutations
• Assembly of multiple gRNAs
• Transfer DNA
• Revolutionary genome editing tools
• Crop improvement
• Wide range of plant species
• Plant scientists
• Manipulate targeted genes