TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Introduction to computing - Lecture 8

This chapter explain why computers use the binary number system, list the two main parts of the CPU and explain how they work together, list the steps that make up a machine cycle, explain the difference between RAM and ROM, list three hardware factors that affect processing speed. | CSC 101 Introduction to Computing Lecture 8 Dr. Iftikhar Azim Niaz ianiaz@ 1 2 Last Lecture Summary I Impact Printers and Non Impact Printers Impact Printers Dot Matrix Line Printers Band Printers Impact Printer Advantages and disadvantages Non Impact Printers Ink jet , Laser , All-in-One Peripherals Comparing Printers 2 3 Last Lecture Summary II High Quality Printers Photo printer Thermal printer Dye Sublimation Solid Ink Plotter Care and Feeding of Printers 3 Transforming Data Into Information Understands only two states either On or Off Makes different patterns of 0s and 1s Data vs Information How Computers Represent Data 4 How Computer Represent Data Number system Manner of Counting Several different number systems exist To Computer everything is a number Alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, sound, pictures, computer instructions For example “Here are some words.” 5 Decimal Numbers Used by humans to count Latin word deci mean 10 Also called Base 10 Have 10 distinct digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 is a two-digit number Digits combine to make larger numbers 6 Binary Number System Switch has two states Off represents 0, On is 1 Latin bi means 2 Used by computers to count Two distinct digits, 0 and 1 0 and 1 combine to make numbers represent a quantity >1 it uses two (or more) digits Pattern repeats indefinitely 7 Data Representation A computer circuit represents the 0 or the 1 electronically by the presence or absence of an electrical charge 8 8 Comparison Base 2 to Base 16 9 Number Conversion Decimal to Binary and Binary to Decimal Decimal to Octal and Octal to Decimal Decimal to Hexadecimal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Binary to Hexadecimal Octal to Hexadecimal Hexadecimal to Binary and Octal 10 Decimal To Binary 1 11 Decimal To Binary (151)10 = (10010111)2 12 Decimal to Binary (with Fractions) ()10 = ()2 13 Binary to Decimal 14 Binary to Decimal 15 Binary to Decimal 11100012 = 11310 16 Binary to Decimal 17 111001111012 = 185310 .

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