TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 41: Animal nutrition

After studying this chapter you will be able to: Name the three nutritional needs that must be met by an animal’s diet; describe the four classes of essential nutrients; distinguish among undernourishment, overnourishment, and malnourishment; describe the four main stages of food processing. | WARM-UP (Ch. 40) What is the principle of countercurrent exchange? (Review) What are the 4 classes of macromolecules? (Ch. 41) You eat a piece of candy. List the structures it passes through as it travels through your alimentary canal. Where does most of the digestion of the candy in #3 happen? Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition What you need to know: Major compartments of alimentary canal (organs) – and their contributions to animal nutrition. Digestive glands: salivary, pancreas, liver, gall bladder – and their contributions to animal nutrition. Digestion of carbs, proteins, fats, nucleic acids. Essential Nutrients: required by cells, obtained through food Four classes of essential nutrients: Essential amino acids (8) Essential fatty acids Vitamins (13) - fat-soluble, water-soluble Minerals Table Vitamin Requirements of Humans Table Mineral Requirements of Humans Dietary Deficiencies Undernourished: diet is deficient in calories, not enough energy Malnourishment: missing 1+ essential nutrients Herbivore licks exposed salts and minerals lacking in plants. The main stages of food processing: Ingestion: eating Digestion: breakdown of food into small molecules Mechanical (chewing, grinding) Chemical (enzymes) Absorption: cells take up nutrients Elimination: pass undigested materials from digestive system Digestive Compartments Most animals process food in specialized compartments Intracellular: digestion of food inside cells by food vacuoles Ex. phagocytosis, pinocytosis, sponges Extracellular: food broken down outside of cells Gastrovascular cavity (simple) or alimentary canal (complex) Intracellular Digestion: Sponges Extracellular Digestion Compartments are outside of the animal’s body Gastrovascular cavity: simple animals; single-opening, two-way digestion (food in, waste out) Digestion in a hydra Alimentary canal: more complex, one-way tubes with mouth and anus Specialized organs for digestion in Humans Digestive system = .

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• Animal nutrition
• Chemical energy
• Lecture AP Biology
• Systems biology
• Biological sciences
• Biological organization
• Animal health
• Agricultural production
• Animal systems
• Co enzymes in the biochemistry
• Farming system
• Characteristics of phytase enzyme
• Organo phosphate molecules
• Animal kingdom
• These crops is phytic acid
• dairy science
• animal science
• food science
• nutrition
• physiology
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• veterinary medicine
• BMC Biotechnology
• Monogastric animals
• Hydrolytic enzyme phytase
• Nutritionally inactive
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• INTESTINAL ABSORPTION
• METAL SALTS
• SMALL INTESTINE
• EMBRYONIC VIABILITY
• PHOSPHORUS DIETS
• Probiotics in Newborns
• Gastroenterology
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• Probiotic Microorganisms
• Disease Diagnostics
• Behavioral Tests
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• Cognitive Deficits
• Rodent Animal Models
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• diagnostic criteria
• Acid–base equilibrium
• Colossoma macropomum
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• oil extraction
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• Human Nutrition Unit
• Professor of Animal Sciences
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