TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology (6e): Chapter 36 - Campbell, Reece

Chapter 36 - Transport in plants. This chapter describe how proton pumps function in transport of materials across membranes; define the following terms: osmosis, water potential, flaccid, turgor pressure, turgid; explain how aquaporins affect the rate of water transport across membranes; describe three routes available for short-distance transport in plants. | CHAPTER 36 TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: An Overview of Transport Mechanisms in Plants 1. Transport at the cellular level depends on the selective permeability of membranes 2. Proton pumps play a central role in transport across plant membranes 3. Differences in water potential drive water transport in plant cells 4. Aquaporins affect the rate of water transport across membranes 5. Vacuolated plant cells have three major compartments 6. Both the symplast and the apoplast function in transport within tissue and organs 7. Bulk flow functions in long-distance transport The algal ancestors of plants were completely immersed in water and dissolved minerals. The evolutionary journey onto land involved the differentiation of the plant body into roots, which absorb water and minerals from the soil, and shoots which are exposed to light and atmospheric CO2. This morphological solution created a new problem: the need to transport materials between roots and shoots. Roots and shoots are bridged by vascular tissues that transport sap throughout the plant body. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transport in plants occurs on three levels: (1) The uptake and loss of water and solutes by individual cells (2) Short-distance transport of substances from cell to cell at the level of tissues or organs (3) Long-distance transport of sap within xylem and phloem at the level of the whole plant. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. The selective permeability of a plant cell’s plasma membrane controls the movement of solutes between the cell and the extracellular solution. Molecules tend to move down their concentration gradient, and when this occurs across a membrane it is called passive transport and occurs without the direct expenditure of metabolic energy by the cell. Transport proteins embedded in the .

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