TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology (6e): Chapter 4 - Campbell, Reece
Chapter 4 - Carbon and the molecular diversity of life. This chapter presents the following content: Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of molecules, variation in carbon skeletons contributes the diversity of organic molecules. | CHAPTER 4 CARBON AND THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF LIFE Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: The Importance of Carbon 1. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds 2. Carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of molecules 3. Variation in carbon skeletons contributes the diversity of organic molecules Although cells are 70-95% water, the rest consists mostly of carbon-based compounds. Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules that distinguish living matter from inorganic material are all composed of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to atoms of other elements. These other elements commonly include hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P). Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The study of carbon compounds, organic chemistry, focuses on any compound with carbon (organic compounds). While the name, organic compounds, implies that these compounds can only come from biological processes, they can be synthesized by non-living reactions. Organic compounds can range from simple molecules, such as CO2 or CH4, to complex molecules, like proteins, that may weigh over 100,000 daltons. 1. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The overall percentages of the major elements of life (C, H, O, N, S, and P) are quite uniform from one organism to another. However, because of carbon’s versatility, these few elements can be combined to build an inexhaustible variety of organic molecules. While the percentages of major elements do not differ within or among species, variations in organic molecules can distinguish even between individuals of a single species. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The science of organic chemistry began in attempts to purify and improve the yield of products from other organisms. Later
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