TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology: Chapter 8 - Niel Campbell, Jane Reece

Chapter 8 introduction to metabolism. This chapter presents the following content: An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics, the free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether the reaction occurs spontaneously, ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions,.and another contents. | Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Overview: The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur. The cell extracts energy and applies energy to perform work. Some organisms even convert energy to light, as in bioluminescence. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings What causes the bioluminescence in these fungi? Figure An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics Metabolism is ALL / the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions. Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell. Metabolism has two basic subdivisions: Anabolism = building / synthesis Catabolism = breaking down Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Organization of the Chemistry of Life into Metabolic Pathways A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule / substrate and ends with a product. Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme in a specific sequence. Metabolic pathways are regulated by various mechanisms. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Metabolic Pathways are organized into Specific Sequences Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 D C B A Reaction 1 Reaction 3 Reaction 2 Starting molecule Product Catabolic pathways will release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. Cellular respiration, the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen, is an example of a pathway of catabolism. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Anabolic pathways consume / use energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. The synthesis of protein from amino acids is an example of anabolism. Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as .

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