TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo Y học: Chromatin assembly Cooperation between histone chaperones and ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling machines

Chromatin is a highly dynamic structure that plays an essential role in regulating all nuclear processes that utilize the DNA template including DNA repair, replication, transcription and recombination. Thus, the mechanisms by which chromatin structures are assembled and modified are questions of broad interest. This minireview will focus on two groups of proteins: (a) histone chaperones and (b) ATPdependent chromatin remodeling machines, that co-operate to assemble DNA and histone proteins into chromatin | Eur. J. Biochem. 269 2268-2274 2002 FEBS 2002 doi MINIREVIEW Chromatin assembly Cooperation between histone chaperones and ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling machines Jessica K. Tyler Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of Medicine University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver CO USA Chromatin is a highly dynamic structure that plays an essential role in regulating all nuclear processes that utilize the DNA template including DNA repair replication transcription and recombination. Thus the mechanisms by which chromatin structures are assembled and modified are questions of broad interest. This minireview will focus on two groups of proteins a histone chaperones and b ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling machines that co-operate to assemble DNA and histone proteins into chromatin. The current understanding of how histone chaperones and ATP-dependent remodeling machines coordinately assemble chromatin in vitro will be discussed together with the growing body of genetic evidence that supports the role of histone chaperones in the cell. Keywords chromatin histone chaperone nucleosome remodeling acetylation DNA replication DNA repair CAF-1 ACF aSf1 Rad53. INTRODUCTION TO CHROMATIN The eukaryotic genome is packaged into a nucleoprotein structure known as chromatin. The basic repeating unit of chromatin the nucleosome core particle comprises approximately two turns of DNA wrapped around two molecules of each core histone protein H2A H2B H3 and H4 1 and reviewed in 2 . Nucleosomes are regularly spaced along eukaryotic DNA with a repeat length . center-to-center internucleosomal distance of 180-200 bp which probably reflects the most energetically favorable arrangement 3 . The regular nucleosomal arrays comprise a 10-nm fiber of chromatin and folds into a 30-nm fiber upon the incorporation of a single molecule of linker histone such as histone H1 per nucleosome. Higher levels of chromatin compaction involve .

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