TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "A General Computational Treatment of Comparatives for Natural Language Question Answering"

We discuss the techniques we have developed and implemented for the cross-categorial treatment of comparatives in TELl, a natural language questionanswering system that's transportable among both application domains and types of backend retrieval systems. For purposes of illustration, we shall consider the example sentences "List the cars at least 20 inches more than twice as long as the Century is wide" and "Have any US companies made at least 3 more large cars than Buick?" Issues to be considered include comparative inflections, left recursion and other forms of nesting, extraposition of comparative complements, ellipsis, the wh element "how', and. | A General Computational Treatment of Comparatives for Natural Language Question Answering Bruce w. Ballard AT T Bell Laboratories 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill . 07974 Abstract We discuss the techniques we have developed and implemented for the cross-categorial treatment of comparatives in TELI a natural language questionanswering system that s transportable among both application domains and types of backend retrieval systems. For purposes of illustration we shall consider the example sentences List the cars at least 20 inches more than twice as long as the Century is wide and Have any US companies made at least 3 more large cars than Buick Issues to be considered include comparative inflections left recursion and other forms of nesting extraposition of comparative complements ellipsis the wh element how and the translation of normalized parse frees into logical form. 1. Introduction We shall describe a general treatment of comparatives that has been implemented in the context of TELI a question-answering system which is transportable among both domains of discourse and different types of backend retrieval Comparatives are important because of the dramatic increase in expressive power they allow they are interesting at least because of the variety of issues from morphology on up one must deal with in order to provide for them. 1. The examples in this paper illustrate TELI as a front-end to the Kandor knowledge representation system Patel-Schneider 1984 we will give examples in terms of a knowledge base of information about 1987 cars. TELI has produced queries for at least four different backend systems and has been adapted for over a dozen domains of data. Goals In seeking to provide TELI with general capabilities for comparatives our primary goals have been to formulate cross-categorial techniques that treat the comparativizations of different syntactic elements . adjectives quantifiers and measure nouns with the same mechanisms to allow .

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