TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Basic immunology functions and disorders of the immune system (4th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Basic immunology functions and disorders of the immune system" presents the following contents: Effector mechanisms of humoral immunity, immunological tolerance and autoimmunity, immune responses against tumors and transplants, hypersensitivity, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies. | Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity Elimination of Extracellular Microbes and Toxins PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODIES THAT DETERMINE EFFECTOR FUNCTION 152 NEUTRALIZATION OF MICROBES AND MICROBIAL TOXINS 154 OPSONIZATION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS 157 ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY 157 IMMUNOGLOBULIN E- AND EOSINOPHIL MAST CELL-MEDIATED REACTIONS 157 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM 158 Pathways of Complement Activation 158 Functions of the Complement System 161 Regulation of Complement Activation 163 FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES AT SPECIAL ANATOMIC SITES 164 Mucosal Immunity 166 Neonatal Immunity 166 EVASION OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY BY MICROBES 167 VACCINATION 168 SUMMARY 169 Humoral immunity is the type of host defense mediated by secreted antibodies and necessary for protection against extracellular microbes and their toxins. Antibodies prevent infections by blocking the ability of microbes to bind to and enter host cells. Antibodies also bind to microbial toxins and prevent them from damaging host cells. In addition antibodies function to eliminate microbes toxins and infected cells from the body. Although antibodies are a major mechanism of adaptive immunity against extracellular microbes they cannot reach microbes that live inside cells. However humoral immunity is vital even for defense against microbes that live and divide inside cells such as viruses because antibodies can bind to these microbes before they enter host cells or during passage from infected to uninfected cells thus preventing spread of infection. Defects in antibody production are associated with increased susceptibility to infections by many bacteria viruses and parasites. Most effective vaccines work by stimulating the production of antibodies. This chapter describes how antibodies provide defense against infections addressing the following questions What are the mechanisms used by secreted antibodies to combat different types of infectious agents and their toxins What is the role of the complement system in .

• Y khoa - Dược
• Basic immunology function
• Disorders of the immune system
• Effector mechanisms of humoral immunity
• Immunological tolerance
• Immune responses against tumors
• Acquired immunodeficiencies
• Innate immunity
• Antigen capture
• Presentation to lymphocytes
• Humoral immune responses
• The adaptive immune system