TAILIEUCHUNG - Chemistry part 23, Julia Burdge,2e (2009)

Tham khảo sách 'chemistry part 23, julia burdge,2e (2009)', khoa học tự nhiên, hoá học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 552 CHAPTER 14 Chemical Kinetics we must compare two experiments in which one reactant concentration changes and the other remains constant. For example we first compare the data from experiments 1 and 3 Experiment F2 M C1O2 M Initial Rate M s 1 2 I J doubles 0-10 CIOJ unchai Igcd Rate doubles 1 X 10 X 10 3 When the concentration of fluorine doubles with the chlorine dioxide concentration held constant the rate doubles. Í Fzh _ M _2 F2 j M rate3 X 10 3 M s 2 ratei 3M s Recall that when an exponent is 1 it need not be shown K Section . This indicates that the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of fluorine and the value of x is 1. rate k F2 ClO2f Similarly we can compare experiments 1 and 2 Experiment F2 M C1O2 M 1 Irin _. 2 2 une ange 2 qua pes 1 3 Initial Rate Mis Rale quadruples X 10 3 X 10 3 X 10-3 We find that the rate quadruples when the concentration of chlorine dioxide is quadrupled but the fluorine concentration is held constant. CIO2I2 M 4 C1O2 M rate 10 3 M s . ratei XI O 3 M s This indicates that the rate is also directly proportional to the concentration of chlorine dioxide so the value of y is also 1. Thus we can write the rate law as follows rate fc F2 C102 Because the concentrations of F2 and C1O2 are each raised to the first power we say that the reaction is first order in F2 and first order in C1O2. The reaction is second order overall. Knowing the rate law. we can then use the data from any one of the experiments to calculate the rate constant. Using the data for the first experiment in Table we can write _ rate _ X 10 3 Mis . . M 1 1 F2 C1O2 S Table contains initial rate data for the hypothetical reaction 6tA bB------ cC dD which has the general rate law rate A X B -V Comparing experiments 1 and 2 we see that when A doubles with B unchanged the rate also doubles. .

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