TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo toán học: "A p, q-analogue of a Formula of Frobenius"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học ngành toán học tạp chí toán học quốc tế đề tài: A p, q-analogue of a Formula of Frobenius | A p ợ-analogue of a Formula of Frobenius Karen S. Briggs Jeffrey B. Remmel Department of Mathematics University of California San Diego kbriggs@ jremmel@ Submitted Dec 18 2002 Accepted Mar 3 2003 Published Mar 18 2003 MR Subject Classifications 05A30 05A05 05A19 05E15 05A18 Abstract Garsia and Remmel JCT. A 41 1986 246-275 used rook configurations to give a combinatorial interpretation to the q-analogue of a formula of Frobenius relating the Stirling numbers of the second kind to the Eulerian polynomials. Later Remmel and Wachs defined generalized p q-Stirling numbers of the first and second kind in terms of rook placements. Additionally they extended their definition to give a p q-analogue of rook numbers for arbitrary Ferrers boards. In this paper we use Remmel and Wach s definition and an extension of Garsia and Remmel s proof to give a combinatorial interpretation to a p q-analogue of a formula of Frobenius relating the p q-Stirling numbers of the second kind to the trivariate distribution of the descent number major index and comajor index over Sn. We further define a p q-analogue of the hit numbers and show analytically that for Ferrers boards the p q-hit numbers are polynomials in p q with nonnegative coefficients. 1 Introduction Let N 0 1 2 . denote the set of natural numbers. Let a b n E N a n b where a b E N and let n denote the set 1 n . We say that Bn n X n is an n by n array of squares where the columns and rows are labelled from left to right and bottom to top respectively. Each square in the n by n grid will be called a cell and we denote the cell in the column i and row j by i j . A board will be a subset of cells in Bn. Let F bl b2 . bn c Bn denote the board whose column heights from left to right are b1 b2 . bn. We say that F b1 b2 . bn is a Ferrers board if b1 b2 bn. Given a board B c Bn we let Rk n B denote the set of all k element subsets P of B such that no two elements lie in the same row or column for nonnegative .

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