TAILIEUCHUNG - Pollutant Trading Could Reduce Compliance Costs If Uncertainties Are Resolved

Ryan (1988) performed an experiment with domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) to establish the potential effects of ingested plastic particles on seabirds. They were fed with polyethylene pellets and the results indi- cated that ingested plastics reduce meal size by reducing the storage volume of the stomach and the feeding stimulus. He concluded that seabirds with large plastic loads have reduced food consumption, which limits their ability to lay down fat deposits, thus reducingfitness. Connors and Smith (1982) had previously reached the same conclusion, as their study indicated that the in- gestion of plastic particles hindered formation of fat deposits in migrating red phalaropes (Phalaropus fuli- carius), adversely affecting long-distance migration and possibly their reproductive. | GAO United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman Committee on Public Works and Transportation House of Representatives June 1992 WATER POLLUTION Pollutant Trading Could Reduce Compliance Costs If Uncertainties Are Resolved -1 . . 147098 RESTRICTED--Not to be released outside the General Accounting Office unless specifically approved by the Office of Congressional Relations. RELE Wi GAO RCEI -92-153 United States General Accounting Oft ice Report to the Chairman Committee on Public Works and Transportation House of Representatives June 1992 WATER POLLUTION Pollutant Trading Could Reduce Compliance Costs If Uncertainties Are Resolved 147098 RESTRICTED--Not to be released outside the General Accounting Office unless specifically approved by the Office of Congressional Relations. RELE. W GAO RCED-92-153 GAO United States General Accounting Office Washington . 20548 Resources Community and Economic Development Division June 15 1992 The Honorable Robert A. Roe Chairman Committee on Public Works and Transportation House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman Pollutant trading has been touted within and outside the Environmental Protection Agency EPA as an economical supplement to traditional regulatory programs designed to address water pollution problems. Pollutant trading uses cost savings as an incentive for dischargers to reduce pollution. Under this approach dischargers of pollution help determine with EPA or state assistance and approval how their collective discharges can be reduced to preapproved levels in a cost-effective manner. Within these bounds pollutant trades can take place among dischargers of point source pollution such as effluent from industrial facilities or municipal sewage treatment plants or between dischargers of point and nonpoint source pollution such as runoff from farms or construction sites . This letter responds to your request for information on the use of pollutant trading as a cost-effective method of dealing

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