TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 086. Breast Cancer (Part 1)

Harrison's Internal Medicine Chapter 86. Breast Cancer Breast Cancer: Introduction Breast cancer is a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells lining the ducts or lobules of the breast. In the year 2007, about 180,510 cases of invasive breast cancer and 40,910 deaths occurred in the United States. Epithelial malignancies of the breast are the most common cause of cancer in women (excluding skin cancer), accounting for about one-third of all cancer in women. As a result of improved treatment and earlier detection, mortality from breast cancer has begun to decrease substantially in the United States. This chapter will not consider rare. | Chapter 086. Breast Cancer Part 1 Harrison s Internal Medicine Chapter 86. Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Introduction Breast cancer is a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells lining the ducts or lobules of the breast. In the year 2007 about 180 510 cases of invasive breast cancer and 40 910 deaths occurred in the United States. Epithelial malignancies of the breast are the most common cause of cancer in women excluding skin cancer accounting for about one-third of all cancer in women. As a result of improved treatment and earlier detection mortality from breast cancer has begun to decrease substantially in the United States. This chapter will not consider rare malignancies presenting in the breast such as sarcomas and lymphomas but will focus on the epithelial cancers. Human breast cancer is a clonal disease a single transformed cell the product of a series of somatic acquired or germline mutations is eventually able to express full malignant potential. Thus breast cancer may exist for a long period as either a noninvasive disease or an invasive but nonmetastatic disease. These facts have significant clinical ramifications. Genetic Considerations Not more than 10 of human breast cancers can be linked directly to germline mutations. Several genes have been implicated in familial cases. The Li-Fraumeni syndrome is characterized by inherited mutations in the p53 tumorsuppressor gene which lead to an increased incidence of breast cancer osteogenic sarcomas and other malignancies. Inherited mutations in PTEN have also been reported in breast cancer. Another tumor-suppressor gene BRCA-1 has been identified at the chromosomal locus 17q21 this gene encodes a zinc finger protein and the product therefore may function as a transcription factor. The gene appears to be involved in gene repair. Women who inherit a mutated allele of this gene from either parent have at least a 60-80 lifetime chance of developing breast cancer and about a 33 chance of developing ovarian .

• Y học thường thức
• Breast Cancer
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu y khoa
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• BMC Cancer
• Breast cancer screening
• Familial breast cancer
• Young breast cancer survivors
• High risk relatives
• Randomized trial
• Breast cancer management
• Gross anatomy
• The breast
• Breast cancer epidemiology
• Hereditary breast cancer genetics
• Prediction techniques
• Cancer susceptibility gene
• Breast cancer prognosis
• Next generation sequencing
• Breast specific gamma imaging
• Diagnosing breast cancer during
• Ductal carcinoma in situ
• DNA methylation
• Breast epithelial cells
• Breast cancer campaign tissue bank
• Breast milk
• Axillary lymph node dissection
• Breast cancer related lymphedema
• Breast lymphatics level
• Ovarian cancer
• Mauritanian breast cancer patients
• Triple negative breast cancer
• Molecular subtype
• Cholesterol observed
• Female breast cancer
• Breast feeding
• World Health Organization
• Inflammatory breast cancer
• Case comparison study
• Family history of breast cancer
• Breast cancer risk factors
• Multiplex IBC families
• Carcinoma associated fibroblasts
• Breast cancer pathogenesis
• Breast cancer cell biology
• Cytokine molecules mediating
• Stage IV breast cancer
• Metastatic breast cancer
• Diagnostic marker
• Searching reliable
• Protein cancer biomarkers
• Breast fluid secretome
• breast cancer second edition
• Breast Sonography
• Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast
• Mammography
• Breast Reconstruction
• Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
• Breast imaging
• Breast pathology
• Breast soft tissue
• Breast cancers
• Breast tumorigenesis
• Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug
• Hormone receptor positive breast cancer
• HER2 positive breast cancer
• Aggressive tumor phenotype
• Health care
• Including increased frequency
• Polygenic risk score
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms
• Artifcial neural network
• Estrogen receptor negative breast cancer
• Mammographic breast density
• Breast cancer risk
• Atypical hyperplasia
• Established risk factors
• Non melanoma skin cancer
• Metastatic cancer
• Reduce ethnic
• Multivariate models adjusting
• Cancer survivorship
• Cancer prevalence
• Statistical projection
• Toll like receptor 4
• +3725G C polymorphism
• Egyptian breast cancer atients
• Breast cancer cases than controls
• Post treatment breast cancer patients
• Pre treatment breast cancer
• Extraaxilary nodes
• Distance metastases
• Breast cancer cell lines
• Breast tumor subtypes
• Topoisomerase I
• Camptothecin sensivity
• Epithelial type
• Triplenegative breast carcinomas
• N terminal p63 isoforms