TAILIEUCHUNG - Financial Analysis: Tools and Techniques Phần 2

Một trong các biện pháp và các khái niệm, tất nhiên, được thảo luận sâu hơn trong các chương của cuốn sách này phù hợp, nhưng tổng quan này cung cấp một cấu trúc để giữ cho các yếu tố cá nhân trong quan điểm thích hợp. | CHAPTER 2 A Systems Context for Financial Management 27 measures and key business strategies relate to this business system. Every one of the measures and concepts will of course be discussed in greater depth in the appropriate chapters of this book but this overview provides a structure for keeping the individual elements in proper perspective. Figure 2-4 presents the basic flow chart of the business system which contains all major elements necessary to understand the broad cash flow patterns of any business. The arrangement of boxes lines and arrows is designed to show that we re dealing with a system in which all parts are interrelated to each other and which therefore has to be managed as a whole. The solid lines with arrows represent cash flows while the dashed lines symbolize trade-off relationships. The system is organized into three segments that match the three major decision areas we ve defined investment operations and financing. The top segment represents the three components of business investment the investment base already in place the addition of new investments and any disinvestment divestment of resources no longer deemed effective or strategically necessary. In addition it shows the depreciation effect caused by accounting write-offs of portions of depreciable assets against the investment base and against profits. This box which effectively enhances the funding potential shown in the bottom segment represents available cash that was masked when the accounting-based operating profit after taxes was calculated as we ll discuss in Chapter 3. The center segment represents the operational interplay of three basic elements price volume and costs of products and or services. It also recognizes that usually costs are partly fixed and partly variable relative to volume changes. The ultimate result of the complex set of continuously made trade-offs in the operations area is the periodic operating profit or loss after applicable income taxes. Operating .

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