TAILIEUCHUNG - Tài liệu trung cấp môn Kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng Anh - Phần 26

Tài liệu tham khảo Tài liệu trung cấp môn Kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng Anh gồm 41 phần giúp sinh viên khoa kinh tế học tốt môn Kinh tế vi mô. Tài liệu này là phần 26 giới thiệu về " Monopoly behavior " | CHAPTER 25 MONOPOLY BEHAVIOR In a competitive market there are typically several firms selling an identical product. Any attempt by one of the firms to sell its product at more than the market price leads consumers to desert the high-priced firm in favor of its competitors. In a monopolized market there is only one firm selling a given product. When a monopolist raises its price it loses some but not all of its customers. In reality most industries are somewhere in between these two extremes. If a gas station in a small town raises the price at which it sells gasoline and it loses most of its customers it is reasonable to think that this firm must behave as a competitive firm. If a restaurant in the same town raises its price and loses only a few of its customers then it is reasonable to think that this restaurant has some degree of monopoly power. If a firm has some degree of monopoly power it has more options open to it than a firm in a perfectly competitive industry. For example it can use more complicated pricing and marketing strategies than a firm in a competitive industry. Or it can try to differentiate its product from the products sold by its competitors to enhance its market power even further. In this chapter we will examine how firms can enhance and exploit their market power. FIRST-DECREE PRICE DISCRIMINATION 445 Price Discrimination We have argued earlier that a monopoly operates at an inefficient level of output since it restricts output to a point where people are willing to pay more for extra output than it costs to produce it. The monopolist doesn t want to produce this extra output because it would force down the price that it would be able to get for all of its output. But if the monopolist could sell different units of output at different prices then we have another story. Selling different units of output at different prices is called price discrimination. Economists generally consider the following three kinds of price discrimination .

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