TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 10)

Specific questioning about the occurrence of sleep episodes during normal waking hours, both intentional and unintentional, is necessary to determine the extent of the adverse effects of sleepiness on a patient's daytime function. Specific areas to be addressed include the occurrence of inadvertent sleep episodes while driving or in other safety-related settings, sleepiness while at work or school (and the relationship of sleepiness to work and school performance), and the effect of sleepiness on social and family life. Driving is particularly hazardous for patients with increased sleepiness. Reaction time is equally impaired by 24 h of sleep loss as. | Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders Part 10 Specific questioning about the occurrence of sleep episodes during normal waking hours both intentional and unintentional is necessary to determine the extent of the adverse effects of sleepiness on a patient s daytime function. Specific areas to be addressed include the occurrence of inadvertent sleep episodes while driving or in other safety-related settings sleepiness while at work or school and the relationship of sleepiness to work and school performance and the effect of sleepiness on social and family life. Driving is particularly hazardous for patients with increased sleepiness. Reaction time is equally impaired by 24 h of sleep loss as by a blood alcohol level of g dL. More than half of Americans admit to driving when drowsy. An estimated 250 000 motor vehicle crashes per year are due to drowsy drivers thus causing 20 of all serious crash injuries. Drowsy driving legislation aimed at improving education of all drivers about the hazards of driving drowsy and establishing sanctions comparable to those for drunk driving is pending in several states. Screening for sleep disorders provision of an adequate number of safe highway rest areas maintenance of unobstructed shoulder rumble strips and strict enforcement and compliance monitoring of hours-of-service policies are needed to reduce the risk of sleep-related transportation crashes. Evidence for significant daytime impairment in association either with the diagnosis of a primary sleep disorder such as narcolepsy or sleep apnea or with imposed or self-selected sleep-wake schedules see Shift-Work Disorder below raises the issue of the physician s responsibility to notify motor vehicle licensing authorities of the increased risk of sleepiness-related vehicle accidents. As with epilepsy legal requirements vary from state to state and existing legal precedents do not provide a consistent interpretation of the balance between the physician s responsibility and the patient s

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