TAILIEUCHUNG - Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 66

Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 66. This book describes a revolution within a revolution, the opening up of the capacity of the now-familiar optical fiber to carry more messages, handle a wider variety of transmission types, and provide improved reliabilities and ease of use. In many places where fiber has been installed simply as a better form of copper, even the gigabit capacities that result have not proved adequate to keep up with the demand. The inborn human voracity for more and more bandwidth, plus the growing realization that there are other flexibilities to be had by imaginative use of the fiber, have led people. | 620 Photonic Packet Switching OTDM is illustrated in Figure . Optical signals representing data streams from multiple sources are interleaved in time to produce a single data stream. The interleaving can be done on a bit-by-bit basis as shown in Figure a . Assuming the data is sent in the form of packets it can also be done on a packet-by-packet basis as shown in Figure b . If the packets are of fixed length the recognition of packet boundaries is much simpler. In what follows we will assume that fixed-length packets are used. In both the bit-interleaved and the packet-interleaved case framing pulses can be used. In the packet-interleaved case framing pulses mark the boundary between packets. In the bit-interleaved case if n input data streams are to be multiplexed a framing pulse is used every n bits. As we will see later these framing pulses will turn out to be very useful for demultiplexing individual packets from a multiplexed stream of packets. Note from Figure that very short pulses much shorter than the bit interval of each of the multiplexed streams must be used in OTDM systems. Given that we are interested in achieving overall bit rates of several tens to hundreds of gigabits per second the desired pulse widths are on the order of a few picoseconds. A periodic train of such short pulses can be generated using a mode-locked laser as described in Section or by using a continuous-wave laser along with an external modulator as described in Section . Since the pulses are very short their frequency spectrum will be large. Therefore unless some special care is taken there will be significant pulse broadening due to the effects of chromatic dispersion. For this purpose many OTDM experiments use suitably shaped return-to-zero RZ pulses which we studied in Sections and . Assume that n data streams are to be multiplexed and the bit period of each of these streams is T. Also assume that framing pulses are used. Then the interpulse

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